YEAR 9 Cells And Transport In Cells

Question 1

List the features of an animal cell:

Answer 1

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Cytoplasm

Question 2

Describe the cell membrane

Answer 2

Semi permeable, controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 3

Describe the nucleus

Answer 3

Contains genetic material, controls the activities of the cell and codes fro proteins.

Question 4

Describe the mitochondria

Answer 4

Site of respiration where energy is released for the cell to function.

Question 5

Describe the ribosome

Answer 5

Site of protein synthesis, mRNA is translated to an amino chain here.

Question 6

Describe the cytoplasm

Answer 6

Site of chemical reactions in the cell, gel like substance containing enzymes to catalyse the reactions.

Question 7

List the features of a plant cell:

Answer 7

Permanent vacuole
Cell wall
Chloroplasts

Question 8

Describe the permanent vacuole

Answer 8

Contains cell sap, keeps the cell turgid, contains sugars and salts in the solution.

Question 9

Describe the cell wall

Answer 9

Made of cellulose, supports and strengthens the cell

Question 10

Describe the chloroplasts

Answer 10

Site of photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll, and absorbs light energy

Question 11

List the features of a bacterial cell

Answer 11

Bacterial DNA
Cell Wall
Flagella

Question 12

Describe bacterial DNA

Answer 12

Not in the nucleus, floats in the cytoplasm

Question 13

Describe the cell wall in bacterial cells

Answer 13

Not made of cellulose

Question 14

Describe the flagella

Answer 14

Has a whip like tail, allows the bacterial cells to move

Question 15

Compare the size of the three cells:

Answer 15

Bacterial cells are much smaller than plant and animal cells

Question 16

Describe the functions of an egg cell

Answer 16

Fertilised by a sperm, nutrients in the cytoplasm, haploid nucleus and changes in the cell membrane after fertilisation.

Question 17

Describe the functions of a sperm cell

Answer 17

To fertilise an egg, streamlines with a long tail, known as an acrosome containing enzymes and a large number of mitochondria, and has a haploid nucleus.

Question 18

Describe the functions of a ciliates epithelial cell

Answer 18

Pushes and moves mucus, thin layer of moving hairs on the surface of the cells called cilia.

Question 19

Describe diffusion

Answer 19

The movement of particles in a solution or gas from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, resulting in particles spreading out evenly.

Question 20

Describe osmosis

Answer 20

Like diffusion, but it specifically refers to the movement of water molecules across a semi permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Question 21

Describe active transport

Answer 21

The movement of particles from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution.

Question 22

State the energy requirement of each of the forms of transport

Answer 22

Diffusion - no energy required
Osmosis - no energy required
Active transport - energy required as it is going against the concentration gradient

Question 23

Give an example of diffusion

Answer 23

02 and CO2 in gas exchange, urea in kidneys. Factors that affect the rate of concentration, temperature and surface area.

Question 24

Give an example of osmosis

Answer 24

Plants absorb water from the soil by osmosis through their root hair cells. Plants use the water for several vital processes including photosynthesis and transporting minerals.

Question 25

Give an example of active transport

Answer 25

Movement of mineral ions into roots of plants and the movement of glucose into the small intestine.

Question 26

State the rule of diffusion

Answer 26

The greater the difference in concentrations the faster the rate of diffusion.

Question 27

State the osmosis equation

Answer 27

Percentage change in mass = (final mass - initial mass) / initial mass x 100