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Science > Year 9 Biology > Flashcards

Year 9 Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Recall the role of the digestive system

A

Consists of glands and organ used for digestion.

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2
Q

Recall the role of the circulatory system

A

carries blood cells and nutrients around your body and to your heart to maintain health and body tempreture.

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3
Q

Recall the role of the excretory system or excretion

A

Remove’s waste from the body

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4
Q

Recall the role of the endocrine system? And what does it help with?

A

Secretes or releases hormones into the bloodstream to control bodily functions (sleeping, growing, blood glucose)

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5
Q

Why is it difficult to maintain internal balance?

A

because of disruptions in the negative feedback loop

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6
Q

Recall each stage of the ‘stimulus response model’

A

stimulus - receptor - control centre - effector - response

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7
Q

Explain the role of each stage of the stimulus response model

A

Stimulus- a change in environment
Receptor- the receptor cells in our sense organs detect the change in environment
Control Centre- makes a decision on how to react
Effector- organs control a response (usually the muscles)
Response- final response to three stimulus

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8
Q

What is the need for receptors inside and outside the body?

A

The nervous system is able to detect stimuli from the inside or outside of the body. The brain can respond to this to maintain homeostasis.

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9
Q

Why does a constant internal environment need to be maintained? (homeostasis)

A

Because it will prevent chemical reactions such as metabolism from occurring

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10
Q

How does the hypothalamus maintain homeostasis?

A

monitors and coordinates appropriate responses to return to body temp to set point

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11
Q

How does the brain maintain homeostasis

A

the brain receives messages from the sense organs and sends messages to form responses for a stimulus

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12
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

happens when the response to a stimulus leads to a decrease in that stimulus.

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13
Q

Define metabolism

A

chemical reactions that occur within the body

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14
Q

Match the receptor types with what their role is.

A

Thermoreceptor - detects temperature
Photoreceptor - detects light
Chemoreceptor - detects chemicals
Mechanoreceptor - detects pressure

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15
Q

Define the difference between ‘the central nervous system’ and ‘the peripheral nervous system’.

A

Central nervous system - consists of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system - nerves (communicate between body and C.N.S)

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16
Q

What do neurons do?

A

Neurons carry ‘messages’ called nerve impulses through the body and the C.N.S (central nervous system)

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17
Q

What are dendrites?

A

convert information from nuclear receptor cells

18
Q

What is an axon?

A

transmits nerve impulse’s from dendrites

19
Q

What is a cell body?

A

contains nerve impluses

20
Q

What is an axon terminal?

A

where nerve impulses can travel to another neuron, or stimulate a muscle gland

21
Q

In what system do messages travel along neurons?

A

The nervous system

22
Q

In what system do messages travel along the bloodstream?

A

The endocrine system

23
Q

What form do messages take in the nervous system?

A

Nerve impuleses

24
Q

What form do messages take in the endocrine system?

A

Hormones

25
Q

Nerve impulses travel in…?

A

One direction

26
Q

Hormones travel…?

A

All over the body, but only act on targeted cells

27
Q

List the regions of the brain.

A

Cerebrum, cerebellum, Brain stem, hypothalamus

28
Q

Define glucose.

A

Basic sugar in your blood

29
Q

Define glycogen.

A

A form of stored sugar in the body which is released when needed.

30
Q

What is Thermoregulation?

A

When the hypothalamus detects that the blood temperature is too high or too low, then maintains it.

31
Q

What is hormone binding?

A

When a cell in the endocrine gland releases hormones into the bloodstream and then then the hormones attach themselves to their designated hormone receptor. This then changes the activity in the target cell.

32
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

A gland which secretes many different hormones throughout the body

33
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

An involuntary, unplanned response to a stimulus. This response is instantaneous or fast to protect yourself from danger.

34
Q

What is neurotransmission?

A

The passing of information from one place to another.

35
Q

Where does neurotransmission occur?

A

In the synapse. A chemical signal is converted back into electrical signal in the dendrite of the next neuron.

36
Q

What is a nerve cell?

A

A neuron

37
Q

A nerve is a bundle of what?

A

Neurons

38
Q

connect the hypothalamus, the brain, homeostasis, and negative feedback loop

A
39
Q

What are motor neurons?

A
40
Q

What are sensory neurons?

A

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