Year 9 Bio Digestive System

Question 1

What is the enzyme that breaks down protein

Answer 1

Protease

Question 2

What is the enzyme that breaks down fats and oils

Answer 2

Lipase

Question 3

What enzyme breaks down carbohydrate

Answer 3

Carbohydrase/ amylase

Question 4

What is active transport

Answer 4

The movement of substances from a low concentration to a high concentration using lots of energy

Question 5

What is osmosis

Answer 5

Osmosis is the movement of water from a more dilute region to a more concentrated region, across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 6

What is diffusion

Answer 6

Is movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration until they are evenly spread. But still keep on moving just stops being diffusing
faster in =
- heated particles
- smaller particles
- the concentration gradient (difference)is steeper

Question 7

Prokaryotic organisms are

Answer 7

Bacterial cells

Question 8

Eukaryotic organisms are

Answer 8

(Everything else) = animal cells, plant cells

Question 9

Adaptations of alveoli

Answer 9

shape
- large surface area
- thin walls
- 2 layers of cells so quick diffusion
The concentration gradient on each side of the exchange surface is maintained by
- a rich blood supply
- regular ventilation

Question 10

What is digestion

Answer 10

Digestion is the breaking down of larger insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones that can be absorbed into the blood

Question 11

what are enzymes made of

Answer 11

Proteins

Question 12

Enzymes are

Answer 12

Biological catalysts
- to do with living things
- chemical that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up
- made of protein

Question 13

Where is amylase/carbohydrase made

Answer 13

Salivary glands
Pancreas
Lining of the small intestine

Question 14

Where is protease made

Answer 14

Stomach
Pancreas
Lining of the small intestine

Question 15

Where is lipase made

Answer 15

Pancreas
Lining of the small intestine

Question 16

Where does amylase/carbohydrase work

Answer 16

Mouth
Small intestine

Question 17

Where does protease work

Answer 17

Stomach
Small intestine

Question 18

Where does lipase work

Answer 18

Small intestine

Question 19

What pH does amylase/carbohydrase work best in (optimum)

Answer 19

7 pH

Question 20

What pH does protease work best in (optimum)

Answer 20

2 pH

Question 21

What pH does lipase work best in (optimum)

Answer 21

7 pH

Question 22

What does protein get broken down into

Answer 22

Amino acids

Question 23

What does starch get broken down into

Answer 23

Glucose

Question 24

What do lipids (fats and oils) get broken down into

Answer 24

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 25

What can cause an enzyme to become denatured

Answer 25

Too hot and or the wrong pH and the enzyme will be denatured.
This means the active site is no longer the right shape for the substrate
The enzyme will no longer be able to bind to the substrate so will no longer work
This is called becoming denatured

Hyperthermia- too much heat
Hypothermia- not enough heat

Question 26

What is the lock and key theory

Answer 26

• Enzymes have an active site with a specific shape
• The active site is the region that the substate binds to
• Each type of enzyme can only bind to one type of substrate. This is called being specific.
• the substrate is the substance being broken down by the enzyme.

Question 27

What is glycogen

Answer 27

Storage of glucose in liver