year 9 Flashcards
Glucose test
Benedicts (blue—>P=red, N=green)
Starch test
Iodine solution (browny-orange—>blue-black)
Protein test
Biuret test (blue—>pink)
Lipids test
Ethanol and water (P=cloudy)
role of enzymes
biological catalysts in metabolic reactions
substrate
molecule that is changed in a reaction
active site on an enzyme
where a substrate joins on to the enzyme (specific and complementary)
enzyme in a high temp
bonds in the enzyme break, the active site changes shape so the substrate can’t fit (denatured)
Change in pH
Active site becomes not specific and complementary, denatures the enzyme. enzymes have an optimum pH
Amylase converts
Starch into maltose
Maltase converts
Maltose to glucose
Protease converts
Proteins into amino acids
Lipases converts
Lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
Digestive enzymes
Break insoluble polymers into soluble monomers
Mouth
-Salivary glands produce amylase enzymes in the saliva
-teeth break down food
Oesophagus
Muscular tube that connects the mouth and stomach
where is bile produced
liver
where is bile stored
gall bladder, before being released into the small intestine
Large intestine
Where excess water is absorbed from the food
Rectum
Where feaces are stored before egestion through the anus
stomach
-pummels the food with muscular walls
-produces protease enzyme, pepsin
produces acid to:
-kill bacteria
-give the optimum pH for the protease enzyme to work
enzyme in a low temp
fewer successful collisions, enzymes and substrates have less kinetic energy so work slower
bile role
-neutralises stomach acid to create the optimum pH for the enzymes in the small intestine
-emulsifies fats (bigger surface area of fat for the lipase enzymes, making digestion faster)
first part of small intestine
duodenum
