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HSIE > YEAR 8 Yearly Examination > Flashcards

YEAR 8 Yearly Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Catchment

A

Area of land where rainfall/precipitation flows to a lower elevation, such as a river, lake or ocean; also referred to as a drainage basin.

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2
Q

Precipitaiton

A

Process whereby the suspended droplets in the atmosphere fall as rain, hail, sleet or snow.

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3
Q

Synoptic chart

A

Weather map showing atmospheric conditions at a certain place at a certain time. Used to predict short-term weather.

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4
Q

Climate

A

Long-term record of atmospheric conditions, such as precipitation and temperature.

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5
Q

Water cycle

A

Continuous movement of water on Earth.

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6
Q

Evaporation

A

Moisture lost to the atmosphere from open water bodies.

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7
Q

Aquifer

A

Rocks and sediments that contain groundwater.

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8
Q

Orographic rainfall

A

When winds push moist air over mountains, condensation and precipitation occur on the windward side.

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9
Q

Runoff

A

When some precipitation remains in the surface and feeds into streams, rivers, wetlands and lakes.

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10
Q

Groundwater

A

Water stored beneath the Earth’s surface.

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11
Q

Weather

A

Short-term changes in atmospheric conditions.

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12
Q

Artesian Basin

A

Groundwater confined and pressurised within an aquifer.

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13
Q

Renewable

A

Replenished in a relatively short period of time.

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14
Q

Environmental resources

A

Resources occurring naturally within environments: atmosphere (air), lithosphere (land, soil and minerals), hydrosphere (rivers and oceans) and biosphere (plants and animals).

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15
Q

Sustainability

A

Balancing social, economic and environmental needs for current and future generations.

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16
Q

Trade

A

The action of buying and selling goods and services.

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17
Q

Free trade

A

The international trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas or other restrictions.

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18
Q

Tariffs

A

A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.

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19
Q

Subsidies

A

A sum of money granted by the state or a public body to help an industry or business keep the price of a commodity or service low.

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20
Q

Import

A

Bring (goods or services) into a country from abroad for sale.

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21
Q

Export

A

Send (goods or services) to another country for sale.

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22
Q

Features of a climate graph

A

Temperature shown by red line, temperature scale on the left hand side.
Months of the year at the bottom.
Precipitation scale on the right hand side, precipitation is shown by blue columns.

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23
Q

What percentage of water on Earth is salt water?

A

97%

24
Q

What are values placed on water?

A

Economic, social, cultural and spiritual

25
Q

What is the Great Artesian Basin and why is it important?

A

The Great Artesian Basin is an enormous aquifer spreading across most of QLD, and some of NSW, NT and SA. It is a significant water source for many places by pumping the water out of bores drilled into the ground. The Basin is very important for domestic and agricultural usage. Recently, more water is being used than it can replenish and has resulted in the Basin become significantly emptier of water, than it originally had contained.

26
Q

What are the dates of the 4 periods of history?

A

Prehistory - before 3500BC
Ancient Times - 3500BC - 500AD
Middle Ages - 500AD - 1500AD
Modern Times - 1500AD +

27
Q

When was the fall of the Roman Empire?

A

476CE

28
Q

What was the Feudal Social System in the Roman Empire?

A

King (and pope)
Powerful nobles (lords and bishops)
Lesser nobles (knights and clergy (nuns and monks))
Serfs and freemen (peasants)

29
Q

What are the five objectives to remember when analysing sources?

A

Type: primary or secondary? Kind of source?
Origin: who made it? When created?
Motive/purpose: why created? PIE; perform, entertain, persuade
Audience: who made for?
Content: what is in the source?

30
Q

What are the three steps and ages in becoming a knight?

A

Page; 7
Squire; 14
Knight; 21

31
Q

What are some symptoms of the black plague?

A 
Headaches
Nausea
Sores
Fever
Tongue turn black
Coughing up blood
Vomiting
32
Q

Ways to conquer a stone castle

A
  • battering ram
  • surround troops - flaming arrows
  • tunnelling
  • catapult
  • siege tower
33
Q

When was the scientific revolution?

A

1500-1700

34
Q

What were the motivations for European exploration?

A
  • Money=Wealth=Power
  • To Christianise other lands
  • Glory
35
Q

Who were the Aztecs?

A

The Aztecs were a group of people who ruled a mighty empire in Mexico during the 1300s and 1500s.

36
Q

In the Roman Empire, what was the role of women?

A
  • Did most housework and cooking
  • Until married, girl is owned by father, then ownership went to husband.
  • Girl is married at 12 years old.
37
Q

Why was feudalism introduced by William (the conqueror) into society?

A
  • social stability
  • law and order
  • William (the conqueror) would be in control at the top of the social pyramid
  • prior to feudalism there were waring (war-ring) tribes
38
Q

What was provided and returned in the feudal social system?

A
  • King would provide land to powerful nobles in return for loyalty and service.
  • Powerful nobles would provide land and protection to lesser nobles in return for loyalty and military service.
  • Lesser nobles would provide protection to serfs and freemen in return for labour.
39
Q

Why is the Magna Carta an important historical document?

A
  • It has come to symbolise freedom for many people.

- Many see it as the first declaration of the rights of the common people against the absolute power of the king.

40
Q

Who were knights?

A

Warriors on horseback who fought for their kings and lords. The early knights could be ‘lowly born’ men but by the 13th century, only men of noble birth were admitted to knighthood.

41
Q

What is feudalism?

A

Feudalism was a new system of government created and used though Europe after the fall of the Roman empire to create law and order.

42
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a wooden castle?

A

Advantages:
They protect the soldiers and were easy to defend. They were quick to build (could be up in a few few weeks), whereas it could take years to build a stone castle.
Disadvantages:
Because the castle were not built to last, they could only be a temporary solution.

43
Q

Parts of a castle:

A

Wooden palisade: fence thig around motte and bailey castle.
Motte: dome in motte and bailey castle
Bailey: arena next to dome in motte and bailey castle
Gatehouse: Building around gate to inside the castle
Stone keep: strongest part of castle

44
Q

Where did the Aztecs settle and why there?

A

The Aztecs settled in the middle of Lake Texcoco and founded an empire called Tenochtitlan. They settled here, because they believed to be given a sign by Huitzilopochtli (an eagle eating a snake on a cactus), which told them to settle there. They also settled because the land was fertile and offered protection.

45
Q

Where did the Aztecs come from?

A

North Mexico

46
Q

What was the social pyramid for the Aztecs?

A 
King
Nobles and priests
Merchants
Commoners
Slaves
47
Q

What was the role of the king?

A
  • served as high priest
  • oversaw daily sacrifices
  • huge palace
  • general of army
  • wore embroidered clothing with feathers
48
Q

What was the role of the nobles?

A
  • expected to conduct themselves in an exemplary way
  • punished more severely if disobedient
  • ran government
  • owned land
49
Q

What was the role of the priests?

A
  • oversee sacrifices
  • performed rituals and prayers
  • accompanied warriors
  • wore black and dark green robes reaching their feet
50
Q

What was the role of the merchants?

A
  • market management
  • international trade
  • wore basic clothing
  • served as spies
51
Q

What was the role of the commoners?

A
  • farmers or craftsmen
  • has to serve in army
  • house: one room, red walls and thatched roof
52
Q

What was the role of the slaves?

A
  • become slaves as punishment for crime
  • prisoners of war
  • wore simple loincloth - wore little
53
Q

What were chinampas?

A

Chinampas were artificial islands which were supported by stakes and tree roots. They were made from mud supported on rafts of weaved branches and grasses

54
Q

What were 5 features of of Tenochtitlan which proved the Aztecs were a well-developed society?

A
  • sewerage systems
  • garbage collection
  • postal system
  • dykes
  • aqueducts
55
Q

What were the beliefs of the Aztecs?

A

The Aztecs believed in various gods who were believed to have created different aspects of the world. The Aztecs thought that the ‘good’ gods should be kept strong to keep away the ‘bad’ gods, and to thank them, through making human sacrifices.
(the main god was Huitzilopochtli - god of sun and war)

56
Q

How did the feudalism system work?

A
  • Charles the Great created feudalism to control his empire as it grew, and is based on the idea of a king owning al the land and his kingdom.
  • The system was designed to provide protection and control people, but also make the country stronger.
  • Feudalism structure.

HSIE (4 decks)

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