Year 8 Topic 9 - Rocks

Question 1

Mineral

Answer 1

a solid naturally occurring,inorganic substance

Question 2

Lithosphere

Answer 2

The outer layer of the earth consists of the crust and mantle

Question 3

Magma

Answer 3

Hot fluid with in the earth crust from which laver and igneous rock is formed on cooling

Question 4

sediment

Answer 4

matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid.

Question 5

Native elements

Answer 5

Elements that are naturally formed

Question 6

Crystals

Answer 6

a piece of a homogeneous solid substance

Question 7

Lustre

Answer 7

a gentle sheen or soft glow.

Question 8

Streak

Answer 8

a long thin line or mark of a different substance or colour from its surroundings.

Question 9

Igneous

Answer 9

having solidified from lava or magma.

Question 10

Extrusive

Answer 10

relating to or denoting rock that has been extruded at the earth’s surface as lava or other volcanic deposits.

Question 11

Intrusive

Answer 11

causing disruption or annoyance through being unwelcome or uninvited

Question 12

Pumice

Answer 12

a very light and porous volcanic rock formed when a gas-rich froth of glassy lava solidifies rapidly.

Question 13

Scoria

Answer 13

basaltic lava ejected as fragments from a volcano, typically with a frothy texture

Question 14

Basalt

Answer 14

a dark fine-grained volcanic rock that sometimes displays a columnar structure

Question 15

Obsidian

Answer 15

a hard, dark, glass-like volcanic rock formed by the rapid solidification of lava without crystallization.

Question 16

Batholiths

Answer 16

a very large igneous intrusion extending to an unknown depth in the earth’s crust.

Question 17

Granite

Answer 17

a very hard, granular, crystalline, igneous rock consisting mainly of quartz, mica, and feldspar and often used as a building stone.

Question 18

Abrasive

Answer 18

a substance or material capable of polishing or cleaning a hard surface by rubbing or grinding.

Question 19

Sedimentary rocks

Answer 19

A types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth’s surface and within bodies of water.

Question 20

metamorphic rocks

Answer 20

Rock formed from anther rock that has been under great heat or pressure

Question 21

Erosion

Answer 21

the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.

Question 22

Floodplains

Answer 22

an area of low-lying ground adjacent to a river, formed mainly of river sediments and subject to flooding.

Question 23

Moraines

Answer 23

a mass of rocks and sediment carried down and deposited by a glacier typically as ridges at its edges or extremity.

Question 24

Glaciers

Answer 24

a slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles.

Question 25

Sandstone

Answer 25

sedimentary rock consisting of sand or quartz grains cemented together, typically red, yellow, or brown in colour.

Question 26

Mudstone

Answer 26

Mudstone, a type of mudrock is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds.

Question 27

Shale

Answer 27

soft finely stratified sedimentary rock that formed from consolidated mud or clay and can be split easily into fragile plates.

Question 28

Siltstone

Answer 28

fine-grained sedimentary rock consisting of consolidated silt

Question 29

Conglomerate

Answer 29

a thing consisting of a number of different and distinct parts or items that are grouped together.

Question 30

Limestone

Answer 30

a hard sedimentary rock, composed mainly of calcium carbonate or dolomite, used as building material and in the making of cement.

Question 31

Coal

Answer 31

a combustible black or dark brown rock consisting chiefly of carbonized plant matter, found mainly in underground seams and used as fuel.

Question 32

Rock salt

Answer 32

common salt occurring naturally as a mineral halite.

Question 33

Gneiss

Answer 33

a metamorphic rock with a banded or foliated structure, typically coarse-grained and consisting mainly of feldspar, quartz, and mica.

Question 35

Metamorphism

Answer 35

alteration of the composition or structure of a rock by heat, pressure, or other natural agency.

Question 36

Mineral ores

Answer 36

Rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

Question 37

Mining

Answer 37

Extraction of natural from the earth

Question 38

Environmental impact statement [EIS]

Answer 38

Study of the possible effects of a planned project on he environment

Question 39

Rehabilitated

Answer 39

Restored to its previous condition

Question 40

Overburden

Answer 40

Waste rock removed from below the topsoil.this rock is replaced when the area is restored

Question 41

Underground mining

Answer 41

Mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

Question 42

Slate

Answer 42

a fine-grained grey, green, or bluish-purple metamorphic rock easily split into smooth, flat plates.

Question 43

Fossil

Answer 43

Any remains impression or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age; evidence

Question 44

Palaeontologists

Answer 44

A scientist who studies fossils

Question 45

Folding

Answer 45

The buckling of rocks. It is caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides

Question 46

Relative age

Answer 46

The age of a rock compared with the age of anther rock

Question 47

Mould

Answer 47

a hollow container used to give shape to molten or hot liquid material when it cools and hardens.

Question 48

Trace fossils

Answer 48

Fossils that provide evidence such as footprints that an organism was present when the rock was formed

Question 49

Extinct

Answer 49

no longer in existence; that has ended or died out

Question 50

Carnivores

Answer 50

Animal that eat other animals

Question 51

Scavengers

Answer 51

Animal that eat dead plants and animal material