Year 8 ~ The human Body Flashcards
What components can be found in blood
Oxygen, platelets, white blood cells, plasma, haemoglobin, red blood cells
describe them)
White blood cells are
Large and squishy when fighting a virus they engulf the bad cells and kill them
What is good about platelets
Like oats they can clump together to form a clot and stop bleeding
Where are red blood cells made
Inside bone marrow then they see pout through your porous bones into the bloodstream
Oxygen binds to haemoglobin and red blood cells to form what
Oxyhaemoglobin
What percentage of your blood is plasma
55%
White blood cells destroy what
Pathogens and antigens which cause disease symptoms
What was the percentage of your blood is red blood cells
44%
Plasma…
Contains water and is made in the liver
What percentage of your blood is white blood cells and platelets
1%
Why do we need a circulatory system
We need a circulatory system because it delivers oxygen around the body to the organs which require that to operate and they perform basic functions we need to survive
What does the heart consist of
The heart consists of a pump (the heart) blood vessels and blood
Blood goes from the heart to where?
The lungs
What does the right side of the heart do
pushes blood to the lungs
what does the left side of the heart do
pushes blood to all organs in the body except the lungs
why does the left side of the heart have a thicker muscle wall?
the left side of the heat has a thicker muscle wall because it has to pump blood all around the body which requires a greater force
what are heart chambers called?
ventricles
why are heart valves important?
because the make sure blood doesnt go backwards
what sets the rhythm of the beating in the heart and when?
a pacemaker sets the beating of the heart and is formed about 6 weeks after the ovum is fertilised
what do blood vessels do ?
blood vessels carry the blood around the body to each organ and take it back to the heart
what gas diffuses into the cells from the bloodstream
carbon dioxide
what diffuses out from the cells in blood ?
Oxygen and Glucose
Why? because this seepsout to the organs, which need oxygen and glucuose
arteries carry blood ______ from the _______.
Away, heart
What are the names and functions of the major organs in humans?
Heart - pump blood around the body
Lungs - give oxygen to your blood for the organs
Liver: Processes nutrients, breaks down bad stuff, and produces bile for digestion.
Kidneys: Filter blood to produce urine, regulate fluid balance and electrolytes.
Brain - control your bodys fuctions
What are organs made from?
tissues
Describe the functions of the skeleton
To hold the body up and protect the organs
Name and locate some of the major bones in the human body.
femur - thigh bone
patella - knee cap
phalanges - toe bones
What are bones moved by?
muscles
What are bones joined together by?
ligaments
How are muscles connected to bones?
tendons
Describe the differences between different types of joint
they all move differently; in different directions or not at all
give examples of and describe each type of joint
Fixed - no movement - eg. skull plates
Cartilaginous - Allows some
flexibility - eg. spine
Synovial - Allows different types of movement and there are different types…
pivot - allows twisting but not bending - eg. neck
ball and socket - movement in almost any direction - eg. shoulder
hinge - folding - eg. knee
condyloid - can be flexed or extended - eg. wrist
Explain how muscles that form antagonistic pairs work together when bones move.
one contracts and the other one extends to form movement
Name the components of blood
WBC, RBC, platelets, plasma, haemoglobin, (oxygen)
functions of RBC
carry oxygen
Functions of WBC
when fighting a virus they engulf (phagocytes) or destroy (lymphocytes) antigens
functons of platelets
can clump together and stop bleeding and form a scab
functions of plasma
cells put waste in the plasma which removes it
haemoglobin + oxygen =
oxyhaemoglobin
Describe the role of the circulatory system: identify and describe the functions of the main parts; compare the properties of arteries, veins and capillaries.
say it out loud
the heart acts as a ____ ____ to ensure that blood flows in ___ direction(s)
double pump, one
Describe the role of the breathing system: identify and describe the functions of its parts.
out loud
Describe the gas exchange process, and compare the compositions of inhaled and exhaled air.
Describe how microbes can be transmitted between people and how this can be prevented.
contact - not touching a sick person too mmuch
through cuts - cover the wound
inhalation - when sick, cover our mouth when you couhg or sneze
Explain how our body’s defences work, including the roles of ciliated epithelial cells, mucus, white blood cells and antibodies.
write or say
Describe the formation of antibodies and how their presence prevents further occurrences of the same disease.
..
Recall an example of the body killing microbes, and describe the roles of ciliated epithelial cells, mucus, white blood cells and antibodies.
meh i give up
