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Science > Year 8 Semester 2 Science Exam (Biology) > Flashcards

Year 8 Semester 2 Science Exam (Biology) Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the circulatory system comprise of?

A

the heart, aorta, pulmonary artery, vena cava, pulmonary veins, bicuspid and tricuspid valves, semilunar valves, and blood vessels

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2
Q

How many chambers are in a heart?

A

four chambers, the left atrium, the right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle

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3
Q

What does the respiratory system comprise of?

A

Nasal cavity, mouth, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli

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4
Q

What are the three main types of blood vessels?

A

Veins, arteries, and capillaries

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5
Q

What are the purpose and characteristics of veins?

A

Veins carry blood towards the heart at low pressure. They have thin walls and have valves to prevent blood from flowing the wrong way

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6
Q

What is the purpose and characteristics of an Arterie

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart at a high pressure. They have thick walls and aren’t found close to the body’s surface

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7
Q

What are the purpose and characteristics of capilleries

A

They are narrow, have very thin walls which allow exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and cells

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8
Q

What is the purpose and quantity of Platelets?

A

Platelets make up 0.01% of blood. they aid in clotting blood.

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9
Q

What are the four main types of blood?

A

A, B, AB, and O as well as a rhesus factor (either Rh+ or Rh-)

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10
Q

What are the components that makeup blood?

A

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

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11
Q

What is the purpose and quantity of plasma in blood?

A

Plasma makes up 55% of blood. It transports water, nutrients, and waste

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12
Q

What is the purpose and quantity of red blood cells?

A

Red blood cells make up 45% of blood. They carry oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

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13
Q

What is the purpose and quantity of white Blood cells?

A

White Blood Cells make up 0.1% of blood. They are a defence against disease.

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14
Q

What does the pulse indicate?

A

a relationship between the heart rate and exercise

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15
Q

What do all organisms do?

A

reproduce

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16
Q

What are the two categories of reproduction?

A

sexual and asexual

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17
Q

What does sexual reproduction require?

A

sperm and ovum or pollen and ovule

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18
Q

What does asexual reproduction require?

A

one organism and no gametes

19
Q

What does all sexual reproduction have in common

A

they use more energy and take longer to complete than asexual reproduction

20
Q

Can plants and animals sexually reproduce

A

Plants and animals undergo sexual reproduction, although plants may also reproduce asexually

21
Q

What are the types and examples of asexual reproduction?

A

vegetative propagation (tubers; potatoes, runners; strawberries, cuttings; roses, bulbs; onions and daffodils), budding in hydra, binary fission in bacteria (which is similar to mitosis in plants and animals), spores in fungi and parthenogenesis in bees and aphids

22
Q

Can petals and sepals be of different genders

A

Petals and sepals are neither male nor female parts of flowers. They attract pollinators and protect the organs

23
Q

How can pollen be transferred between flowers?

A

Pollen can be transferred between flowers by wind or pollinating insects such as bees

24
Q

The function of the penis?

A

The penis is the male sex organ, reaching its full size during puberty. In addition to its sexual function, the penis acts as a conduit for urine to leave the body

25
Q

The purpose and different organs plant’s have

A

Flowers can have male and female organs. Many have both. The male parts are called stamen (made up of filament and anther) the female parts is called the pistil or carpel (made up of stigma, style, ovary, ovules)

26
Q

The function of testes

A

The testes are responsible for making sperm and are also involved in producing a hormone called testosterone

27
Q

The function of the sperm duct?

A

to allow the transit of sperm from the testicles to the outside of the body and to facilitate the maturation of the sperm cells themselves

28
Q

The function of the prostate

A

The prostate gland is located just below the bladder in men and surrounds the top portion of the tube that drains urine from the bladder urethra. The prostate’s primary function is to produce the fluid that nourishes and transports sperm seminal fluid

29
Q

The function of the Cowper’s gland

A

Cowper’s glands are pea-sized glands present inferior to the prostate gland in the male reproductive system. They produce thick clear mucus prior to ejaculation that drains into the spongy urethra

30
Q

The function of the seminal vesicle

A

the function of the seminal vesicle is important for fertility

31
Q

The function of the vas deferens

A

The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that travels from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity, to just behind the bladder. The vas deferens transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation

32
Q

The function of the scrotum

A

The bag of skin holds and helps to protect the testicles.

33
Q

The function of a vagina

A

There are three main functions. Provides a passageway for blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus during a woman’s monthly period. Receives the penis during sexual intercourse and holds the sperm until they pass into the uterus. Provides a passageway for childbirth.

34
Q

Map the flow of blood

A

From your superior vena cava, deoxygenated blood travels to your lungs to get oxygenated. Rich blood travels back from the lungs into the heart through the pulmonary vein entering from the left atrium. Rich blood is then pumped into your left ventricle from your bicuspid valve. Next, the oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle through the semilunar valve. Next, blood is finally distributed to the rest of the body from the aorta. The blood then becomes de-oxygenated and enters the inferior vena cava and the process begins again.

35
Q

The function of the cervix

A

The cervix acts as the door to the uterus which sperm can travel through to fertilize eggs. When your body is not carrying a child, your cervix helps keep unhealthy things out of your body, like tampons and bathwater

36
Q

The function of the uterus

A

The main function of the uterus is to nourish the developing fetus prior to birth

37
Q

The function of the fallopian tubes?

A

The fallopian tubes are bilateral conduits between the ovaries and the uterus in the female pelvis. They function as channels for oocyte transport and fertilization

38
Q

The function of ovaries

A

The ovaries produce the egg cells, called the ova or oocytes. The oocytes are then transported to the fallopian tube where fertilization by a sperm may occur. The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where the uterine lining has thickened in response to the normal hormones of the reproductive cycle

39
Q

What happens during fertilization in plants?

A

Fertilization occurs when one of the sperm cells fuses with the egg inside of an ovule. After fertilization occurs, each ovule develops into a seed. Each seed contains a tiny, undeveloped plant called an embryo. The ovary surrounding the ovules develops into a fruit that contains one or more seeds.

40
Q

Map the flow of blood as it moves through the body

A

The first step of the repeated circulatory system is when the heart pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart up to the lungs. The blood becomes oxygenated as it passes through the lungs and then the rich blood travels back to the heart. The heart pumps the rich blood around the body, as it passes through the body the blood will become de-oxygenated as it drops of oxygen.

41
Q

What happens during fertilization in animals?

A

Fertilization is the process in which a single haploid sperm fuses with a single haploid egg to form a zygote. The sperm and egg cells each possess specific features that make this process possible: The egg is the largest cell produced in most animals species.

42
Q

Barriers to fertility

A

blockages and problems with production of healthy sperm and ova

43
Q

How many options are there for couples IVF to have a baby?

A

There are two options

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