Year 8 Semester 2 Science Exam (Biology)

Question 1

What does the circulatory system comprise of?

Answer 1

the heart, aorta, pulmonary artery, vena cava, pulmonary veins, bicuspid and tricuspid valves, semilunar valves, and blood vessels

Question 2

How many chambers are in a heart?

Answer 2

four chambers, the left atrium, the right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle

Question 3

What does the respiratory system comprise of?

Answer 3

Nasal cavity, mouth, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli

Question 4

What are the three main types of blood vessels?

Answer 4

Veins, arteries, and capillaries

Question 5

What are the purpose and characteristics of veins?

Answer 5

Veins carry blood towards the heart at low pressure. They have thin walls and have valves to prevent blood from flowing the wrong way

Question 6

What is the purpose and characteristics of an Arterie

Answer 6

Arteries carry blood away from the heart at a high pressure. They have thick walls and aren’t found close to the body’s surface

Question 7

What are the purpose and characteristics of capilleries

Answer 7

They are narrow, have very thin walls which allow exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and cells

Question 8

What is the purpose and quantity of Platelets?

Answer 8

Platelets make up 0.01% of blood. they aid in clotting blood.

Question 9

What are the four main types of blood?

Answer 9

A, B, AB, and O as well as a rhesus factor (either Rh+ or Rh-)

Question 10

What are the components that makeup blood?

Answer 10

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 11

What is the purpose and quantity of plasma in blood?

Answer 11

Plasma makes up 55% of blood. It transports water, nutrients, and waste

Question 12

What is the purpose and quantity of red blood cells?

Answer 12

Red blood cells make up 45% of blood. They carry oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

Question 13

What is the purpose and quantity of white Blood cells?

Answer 13

White Blood Cells make up 0.1% of blood. They are a defence against disease.

Question 14

What does the pulse indicate?

Answer 14

a relationship between the heart rate and exercise

Question 15

What do all organisms do?

Answer 15

reproduce

Question 16

What are the two categories of reproduction?

Answer 16

sexual and asexual

Question 17

What does sexual reproduction require?

Answer 17

sperm and ovum or pollen and ovule

Question 18

What does asexual reproduction require?

Answer 18

one organism and no gametes

Question 19

What does all sexual reproduction have in common

Answer 19

they use more energy and take longer to complete than asexual reproduction

Question 20

Can plants and animals sexually reproduce

Answer 20

Plants and animals undergo sexual reproduction, although plants may also reproduce asexually

Question 21

What are the types and examples of asexual reproduction?

Answer 21

vegetative propagation (tubers; potatoes, runners; strawberries, cuttings; roses, bulbs; onions and daffodils), budding in hydra, binary fission in bacteria (which is similar to mitosis in plants and animals), spores in fungi and parthenogenesis in bees and aphids

Question 22

Can petals and sepals be of different genders

Answer 22

Petals and sepals are neither male nor female parts of flowers. They attract pollinators and protect the organs

Question 23

How can pollen be transferred between flowers?

Answer 23

Pollen can be transferred between flowers by wind or pollinating insects such as bees

Question 24

The function of the penis?

Answer 24

The penis is the male sex organ, reaching its full size during puberty. In addition to its sexual function, the penis acts as a conduit for urine to leave the body

Question 25

The purpose and different organs plant's have

Answer 25

Flowers can have male and female organs. Many have both. The male parts are called stamen (made up of filament and anther) the female parts is called the pistil or carpel (made up of stigma, style, ovary, ovules)

Question 26

The function of testes

Answer 26

The testes are responsible for making sperm and are also involved in producing a hormone called testosterone

Question 27

The function of the sperm duct?

Answer 27

to allow the transit of sperm from the testicles to the outside of the body and to facilitate the maturation of the sperm cells themselves

Question 28

The function of the prostate

Answer 28

The prostate gland is located just below the bladder in men and surrounds the top portion of the tube that drains urine from the bladder urethra. The prostate's primary function is to produce the fluid that nourishes and transports sperm seminal fluid

Question 29

The function of the Cowper's gland

Answer 29

Cowper's glands are pea-sized glands present inferior to the prostate gland in the male reproductive system. They produce thick clear mucus prior to ejaculation that drains into the spongy urethra

Question 30

The function of the seminal vesicle

Answer 30

the function of the seminal vesicle is important for fertility

Question 31

The function of the vas deferens

Answer 31

The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that travels from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity, to just behind the bladder. The vas deferens transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation

Question 32

The function of the scrotum

Answer 32

The bag of skin holds and helps to protect the testicles.

Question 33

The function of a vagina

Answer 33

There are three main functions. Provides a passageway for blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus during a woman's monthly period. Receives the penis during sexual intercourse and holds the sperm until they pass into the uterus. Provides a passageway for childbirth.

Question 34

Map the flow of blood

Answer 34

From your superior vena cava, deoxygenated blood travels to your lungs to get oxygenated. Rich blood travels back from the lungs into the heart through the pulmonary vein entering from the left atrium. Rich blood is then pumped into your left ventricle from your bicuspid valve. Next, the oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle through the semilunar valve. Next, blood is finally distributed to the rest of the body from the aorta. The blood then becomes de-oxygenated and enters the inferior vena cava and the process begins again.

Question 35

The function of the cervix

Answer 35

The cervix acts as the door to the uterus which sperm can travel through to fertilize eggs. When your body is not carrying a child, your cervix helps keep unhealthy things out of your body, like tampons and bathwater

Question 36

The function of the uterus

Answer 36

The main function of the uterus is to nourish the developing fetus prior to birth

Question 37

The function of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 37

The fallopian tubes are bilateral conduits between the ovaries and the uterus in the female pelvis. They function as channels for oocyte transport and fertilization

Question 38

The function of ovaries

Answer 38

The ovaries produce the egg cells, called the ova or oocytes. The oocytes are then transported to the fallopian tube where fertilization by a sperm may occur. The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where the uterine lining has thickened in response to the normal hormones of the reproductive cycle

Question 39

What happens during fertilization in plants?

Answer 39

Fertilization occurs when one of the sperm cells fuses with the egg inside of an ovule. After fertilization occurs, each ovule develops into a seed. Each seed contains a tiny, undeveloped plant called an embryo. The ovary surrounding the ovules develops into a fruit that contains one or more seeds.

Question 40

Map the flow of blood as it moves through the body

Answer 40

The first step of the repeated circulatory system is when the heart pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart up to the lungs. The blood becomes oxygenated as it passes through the lungs and then the rich blood travels back to the heart. The heart pumps the rich blood around the body, as it passes through the body the blood will become de-oxygenated as it drops of oxygen.

Question 41

What happens during fertilization in animals?

Answer 41

Fertilization is the process in which a single haploid sperm fuses with a single haploid egg to form a zygote. The sperm and egg cells each possess specific features that make this process possible: The egg is the largest cell produced in most animals species.

Question 42

Barriers to fertility

Answer 42

blockages and problems with production of healthy sperm and ova

Question 43

How many options are there for couples IVF to have a baby?

Answer 43

There are two options