Year 8 Rocks Flashcards
Lithosphere
Is the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
Magma
is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth.
Lava
Lava is the molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption.
Native Element
Native element minerals are those elements that occur in nature in uncombined form with a distinct mineral structure.
Crystal
geometrically-shaped substance made up of atoms and molecules arranged in one of seven different shapes.
MOHs Scale
The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is a qualitative ordinal scale characterizing scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of harder material to scratch softer material.
Igneous Rocks
They are formed by the cooling of molten magma on the earth’s surface.
Extrusive Igneous Rocks
Cooled above the earths crust
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
Cooled under the earths crust
Batholith
a very large igneous intrusion extending to an unknown depth in the earth’s crust.
Erosion
is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location to another
Sediment
matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid
Floodplain
an area of low-lying ground adjacent to a river, formed mainly of river sediments and subject to flooding.
Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth’s surface and within bodies of water.
Coal
Coal is a flammable black hard rock used as a solid fossil fuel. It is mainly made up of 65-95% carbon and also contains hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen.
Limestone
a hard sedimentary rock, composed mainly of calcium carbonate or dolomite, used as building material and in the making of cement.
Metamorphic
A metamorphic rock is a result of a transformation of a pre-existing rock.
Rock Cycle
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Mineral Ore
An ore is a type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements including metals that can be economically extracted from the rock.
Open Cut Mining
Open-pit, open-cast or open cut mining is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow.
Underground Mining
techniques used to excavate hard minerals, mainly those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds.
Palaeontologist
Someone who studies fossils
Fossil
the remains or impression of a prehistoric plant or animal embedded in rock and preserved in petrified form.
Trace Fossil
a fossil of a footprint, trail, burrow, or other trace of an animal rather than of the animal itself.
Conglomerate Rocks
Is a coarse-grained clastic sedimentary rock that is composed of a substantial fraction of rounded to subangular gravel-size clasts, e.g., granules, pebbles, cobbles, and boulders.
In which parts of the earth are Rocks formed
Rocks are formed in the crust and the top part of the mantle
How are Igneous Rocks formed?
They are formed by the cooling of molten magma on the earth’s surface.
The examples of extrusive Igneous Rocks
basalt, rhyolite, andesite, and obsidian
What are sediments
matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid
Three different ways that sedimentary Rocks can be formed
by the deposition of the weathered remains of other. by the accumulation and the consolidation of sediments. by the deposition of the results of biogenic activity.
What is a parent rock
also referred to as substratum, refers to the original rock from which something else was formed.
What characteristics of minerals do the following terms describe
A) lustre
B) streak
C) hardness
A) shine
B) trail left behind
C) how hard it is
