Year 8 Revision End Of Year Flashcards
What is surface runoff
When water flows across the ground straight into the river if its very dry or wet
What is infiltration
Water moves downwards into the soil from from the surface
What is Soil moisture storage
It is when water fills the pores between soil particles
What is percolation
Water moves deep downwards into the permeable rock
What is soil moisture flow
Water flows horizontally towards the river
What is ground water storage
Water fils the gaps between rocks and is stored deep underground.
What is ground water flow
Water flows very slowly horizontally towards the rive through ground water rocks
What is interception
Leaves and buildings catch rain as it falls to the ground and stores the water
What is evaporation
Water droplets (puddles/lakes/rivers/seas)are heated and become water vapour
What is condensation
As water vapour rises it cool and eventually turn back into water droplets into clouds
What is precipitation
When water falls to the ground in any form
What is the watershed
The edge of the drainage basin
What is the source
Where the river begins
What is the mouth
Where the river meets the sea
What is the confluence
The point at where 2 rivers meet
What is the tributary
A small river or stream that joins the river
What is the river channel
This is where the main river flows
What is the drainage basin
This is the area of land that has been drained by the river and its tributaries
What is flooding
River flooding is when a river has to much water than its banks can hold. The water level (discharge) then flows over the river bank and onto the surrounding area (flood plain)
List the factors that increase flooding
Deforestation
Farming
Saturated soil
Impermeable rock
What is flood management
The methods used to prevent the impact of flooding
What is hard engineering
Involves building man made structures which aim to control the flow of the river and prevent flooding using technological solutions
What is soft engineering
Works with natural processes to reduce the effect of flooding these are usually more inviromentaly sustainable solutions
List the factors that decrease flooding
Dams Straightening the river Levees Afforestation Land use zoning Flood warnings
What are greenhouse gasses
Greenhouse gasses are in the atmosphere and absorb radiation and radiates it down to earth
What is a cold climate
A area of land permanently Coverd by ice. They are coverd by glaciers ice sheets and frozen solid rock the temperature is constantly below frezing (0 degrees)
What is a glacial budget
The glacial budget is the balance between accumulation and ablation so snowfall would input in the glacial budget but the and the ice melting would be and output
