Year 8 Autum CAF Flashcards
Africa
The second largest continent.
Middle East
A ‘trans-continental’ region which includes countries in the continents of Afica and Asia.
Biomes
Biomes are areas of our planet with similar climates, landscapes, animals and plants.
Climate Graph
A combination of a bar graph and a line graph. Temperature is shown on a line graph, rainfall is shown on a bar graph.
Arusha School
A secondary school in Arush,Tanzania with links to The Long Eaton School.
Stereotypes
When a large group of people have an over simplified, often inaccurate, belief about a type of people or place.
Child soldiers
Thousands of children are serving as soldiers in armed conflicts around the world. These boys and girls, some as young as 8 years old, serve in government forces and armed opposition groups.
Blood diamonds
Diamonds mined in war zones and sold to pay for military supplies and further fighting.
Development
The geography of development is all about wealth (money) and the quality of life of people living on our planet varies from place to place.
Global citizens
A global citizen is someone who is aware of and understands the wider world - and their place in it. They take an active role in their community and work with others to make our planet more peaceful, sustainable and fairer.
What is the second largest continent by size and population?
Africa
How people live in Africa?
1.3 billion
How countries are there in Africa?
54
How many languages are spoken in Africa?
Over 1,500.
Which religions is the Middle East the birthplace of?
Islam, Christianity and Judaism.
What is the tallest building in the world?
The Burj Khalifa
Where is the Burj Khalifa?
Dubai
How tall is the Burj Khalifa?
828 metres
Contour lines
Imaginary lines joining points of equal height above sea-level.
Degrees
A unit of latitude or longitude, divided into 60 minutes, used to define points on the earth’s surface or on the celestial sphere.
Eastings
On a map, numbered vertical grid lines that increase in value as they move to the east.
Equator
The imaginary great circle around the earth’s surface equidistant from the poles and perpendicular (at right angle) to the earth’s axis of rotation. It divides the earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
GPS
Global Positioning System. These pinpoint an exact location on the globe according to lines of latitude and longitude.
Grid references
A set of numbers that you use to locate a place on a map.
Latitude
Imaginary lines around the earth running parallel to the equator. These are measured in degrees north or south of the equator.
Longitude
Imaginary lines around the earth running from the north to the south pole. These are measured in degrees east or west of the Greenwich or Prime Meridian.
Scale
The ratio on a map, graph or diagram to the corresponding actual distance.
Spot height
A dot giving a height of a particular area.
Interception
When leaves catch rainfall before it hits the ground.
Permeable rock
Allows water to infiltrate and seep through the ground.
Impermeable rock
Does not allow water to infiltrate and seep through the ground.
Evaporation
The sun heats liquid water which turns into a gas called water vapour.
Condensation
The water vapour cools in the sky and turns back into liquid water.
Precipitation
Rain, snow, sleet, etc…
Surface run-off
Water sitting on the surface of the earth as it has not been infiltrated.
Groundwater flow
Some water sinks into the rocks underground.
Transpiration
Some water is used by plants and leaves and they let their water vapour back into the sky from their leaves.
Erosion
The wearing away or removal of material from the side or bed of a river.
Floodplane
The area either side of the river that could flood when the water level rises.
source
The point from which the river starts.
Mouth
The point where the river meets the sea.
Meander
A bend in the river when the river erodes one side and deposits material on the other.
Ox-bow lake
A cut off bend in the river that is now separate to the main river.
Waterfall
An area where water flows over The edge of the rock (formed when the rive erodes softer rock).
Abrasion
Sand and pebbles in a river get dragged along the river bed, wearing away the channel.
Attrition
Rocks and stones within the river knock together and wear each other away.
Corrosion
Water dissolves minerals from the river bed and banks.
Hydraulic action
Fast flowing water pushes air into the cracks and the sheer force of this erodes the river bed.
Solution
Minerals are dissolved in the water and carried along in solution.
Suspension
Fine, light material is carried along in the water.
Saltation
Small pebbles and stones are bounced along the river bed.
Traction
Large boulders and rocks are rolled along river bed.
What causes a river to flood?
-Impermeable rock
-Snow melt
-Saturated soil
-Steep slopes
-Deforestation
-Urban areas
-Heavy rainfall
-Dams
Conservative (Transform) plate boundary
Occurs when plates slide past each other. This can be in opposite direction or in the same direction, but at different speeds.
Convergent (Destructive) plate boundary
Occurs when two plates move towards each other.
Divergent (Constructive) plate boundary
Occurs when two plates move away from each other. This is usually under the ocean so as the lava cools, it creates new ocean surface.
Epicentre
The point directly above the focus. It is the first point on the Earth’s surface, which shakes first, therefore most damage usually happens there.
Geological time
A timescale of the Earth’s history split up into large chunks called periods and smaller ones called epoch. An example of a period is the Jurassic. We live in the Quaternary period.
Igneous rocks
These are formed by molten rock which cools and hardens either below or above the surface. Examples include Granite.
Metamorphic rocks
These rocks are changed by heat and pressure. Examples include, marble and slate.
Sedimentary rocks
These are formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of material. Together, all these particles are called sediment. Examples include limestone and sandstone.
Plate boundary
The point at which two or more tectonic plates meet.
Primary effects
Impacts of an event which happen immediately. For example, the ground shaking, buildings collapsing, the ground splitting.
Secondary effects
Impacts of an event that happen as a result of the primary effects. For example, tsunamis gas leaks, power outages and water contamination.
