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Panic Mode: Activated > Year 3 > Flashcards

Year 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy - clinical features triad

A

confusion
ataxia
opthalmoplegia

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2
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy management

A

thiamine replacement (IV Pabrinex)

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3
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrome features

A

profound anterograde amnesia, limited retrograde amnesia and confabulation

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4
Q

Ischaemic stroke management

A

thrombolysis: alteplase within 4.5 hours of symptom onset

thrombectomy: within 6 hours (but kinda fine within 12 or 24 hours)

aspirin

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5
Q

TIA investigations

A

MRI non contrast
Carotid ultrasound

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6
Q

bacterial meningitis: common organisms in neonates

A

listeria
group B strep
E coli

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7
Q

bacterial meningitis: common organisms in infants and young children

A

H influenza

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8
Q

bacterial meningitis: common organisms in adults

A

neisseria meningitidis
strep pneumoniae

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9
Q

bacterial meningitis: common organisms over age 65

A

listeria
strep pneumoniae

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10
Q

viral meningitis common organism

A

enteroviruses (echovirus, coxsackievirus)

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11
Q

Bacterial meningitis: LP CSF findings

A

cloudy
high protein (cause lots of bacteria)
low glucose (bacteria using it up)
high WCC (neutrophils)
opening pressure usually elevated

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12
Q

Viral meningitis: LP CSF findings

A

clear
normal protein
normal glucose
high WCC (lymphocytes)
negative culture
opening pressure normal or elevated

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13
Q

bacterial meningitis adult management

A

Ceftriaxone IV 2g BD + Dexamethasone IV 10mg QDS (started with or just before first dose of antibiotics for 4 days)

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14
Q

When would you add in amoxicillin to the bacterial meningitis treatment in adults

A

adults >60 or immunocompromised

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15
Q

generalised tonic clonic seizure treatment

A
  • sodium valproate
  • lamotrigine or levetiractam
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16
Q

focal seizure treatment

A
  • lamotrigine or levetiracetam
  • carbamazepine second line
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17
Q

myoclonic seizure treatment

A
  • sodium valproate
  • levetiracetam
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18
Q

tonic and atonic seizure treatment

A
  • sodium valproate
  • lamotrigine
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19
Q

absence seizure treatment

A

ethosuximide

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19
Q

focal seizures - frontal lobe features

A
  • head/leg movements
  • post-ictal weakness
  • jacksonian march
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19
Q

focal seizures - temporal lobe features

A
  • aura
  • deja vu
  • automisms (lip smacking)
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20
Q

focal seizures - parietal lobe feature

A

paraesthesia

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21
Q

first unprovoked epileptic seizure or a single isolated seizure - driving rules

A

no driving for 6 months

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22
Q

upper motor neurone signs

A

spasticity
hyperreflexia
babinskis reflex

23
Q

lower motor neurone signs

A

fasciculations
muscle wasting (atrophy)

24
Q

progressive muscular atrophy (MND)

A

only lower motor neurone features

25
Q

primary lateral sclerosis (MND)

A

only upper motor neurone features
rare

26
Q

medical treatment of migraine - acute

A

NSAID (aspirin, naproxen, ibuprofen)

If gastroparesis consider antiemetic

Triptans (5HT agonist)

27
Q

migraine medical prophylaxis

A

propanalol
amitriptyline
topiromate

28
Q

do you get nausea/vomiting in tension headache

A

no

29
Q

hydrocephalus presentation

A

related to increased ICP

  • early morning headaches
  • N+V
  • lethargy
  • vision disturbances
  • balance problems
  • cognitive difficulties
30
Q

normal pressure hydrocephalus - Hakim’s triad

A

dementia
magnetic gait
incontinence

31
Q

typical patient with idiopathic cranial hypertension

A

younger, overweight female
many have polycystic ovaries

32
Q

medical management of trigeminal neuralgia

A

1st line: carbamazepine

gabapentin
phenytoin

33
Q

cluster headache management

A

acute: high flow O2 100% with a subcutaneous or nasal triptan, steroids

prophylaxis: verapamil

34
Q

paroxysmal hemicrania

A

like cluster headache but more common in women

severe unilateral headache
10-30mins duration
1-40 a day

35
Q

what has absolute response to indomethicin

A

paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua

36
Q

typical antipsychotics examples

A

haloperidol
prochloperazine
fluphenazine
chlorpromazine

37
Q

typical antipsychotics mechanism of action

A

non-selectively block D2 and other receptors

reduce positive symptoms

38
Q

atypical antipsychotics examples

A

olanzapine
rispiridone
quetiapine
aripiprazole
clozapine
amisulpride

39
Q

clozapine monitoring

A

ECG and FBC before starting

FBC every week for 18 weeks then every 2 weeks thereafter

weight on each visit

40
Q

HELLP syndrome

A

haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets

41
Q

early vs late preeclampsia

A

<34 weeks vs >34 weeks

42
Q

pre-eclampsia clinical features

A

hypertension
proteinuria
oedema

may be asymptomatic

43
Q

pre-eclampsia management

A

low dose aspirin
cure is birth

44
Q

hallmark feature of eclampsia

A

new onset tonic-clonic type seizure, in the presence of pre-eclampsia

45
Q

eclampsia management

A

IV labetalol to control BP

Stop seizures - IV magnesium sulphate

Fluid balance

Delivery

46
Q

Auer rods

A

AML

47
Q

Philadelphia chromosome

A

CML

48
Q

CML chromosome translocation

A

9:22

49
Q

CML 3 phases

A

chronic, accelerated, blast

50
Q

CML management

A

stem cell/bone marrow transplant

tyrosine kinase inhibitors e.g. imatinib

51
Q

What leukaemia can cause warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

CLL

52
Q

smear or smudge cells

A

CLL

53
Q

which leukaemia can transform into high-grade lymphoma

A

CLL

54
Q

Lymphoma risk factors

A

HIV
EBV

55
Q

which lymphoma is associated with H pylori infection

A

MALT lymphoma

56
Q

reed sternberg cell

A

hodgkins lymphoma

57
Q

what is R-CHOP chemo used for

A

non-hodgkins lymphoma

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