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Panic Mode: Activated > Year 3 > Flashcards

Year 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy - clinical features triad

A

confusion
ataxia
opthalmoplegia

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2
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy management

A

thiamine replacement (IV Pabrinex)

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3
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrome features

A

profound anterograde amnesia, limited retrograde amnesia and confabulation

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4
Q

Ischaemic stroke management

A

thrombolysis: alteplase within 4.5 hours of symptom onset

thrombectomy: within 6 hours (but kinda fine within 12 or 24 hours)

aspirin

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5
Q

TIA investigations

A

MRI non contrast
Carotid ultrasound

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6
Q

bacterial meningitis: common organisms in neonates

A

listeria
group B strep
E coli

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7
Q

bacterial meningitis: common organisms in infants and young children

A

H influenza

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8
Q

bacterial meningitis: common organisms in adults

A

neisseria meningitidis
strep pneumoniae

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9
Q

bacterial meningitis: common organisms over age 65

A

listeria
strep pneumoniae

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10
Q

viral meningitis common organism

A

enteroviruses (echovirus, coxsackievirus)

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11
Q

Bacterial meningitis: LP CSF findings

A

cloudy
high protein (cause lots of bacteria)
low glucose (bacteria using it up)
high WCC (neutrophils)
opening pressure usually elevated

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12
Q

Viral meningitis: LP CSF findings

A

clear
normal protein
normal glucose
high WCC (lymphocytes)
negative culture
opening pressure normal or elevated

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13
Q

bacterial meningitis adult management

A

Ceftriaxone IV 2g BD + Dexamethasone IV 10mg QDS (started with or just before first dose of antibiotics for 4 days)

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14
Q

When would you add in amoxicillin to the bacterial meningitis treatment in adults

A

adults >60 or immunocompromised

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15
Q

generalised tonic clonic seizure treatment

A
  • sodium valproate
  • lamotrigine or levetiractam
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16
Q

focal seizure treatment

A
  • lamotrigine or levetiracetam
  • carbamazepine second line
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17
Q

myoclonic seizure treatment

A
  • sodium valproate
  • levetiracetam
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18
Q

tonic and atonic seizure treatment

A
  • sodium valproate
  • lamotrigine
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19
Q

absence seizure treatment

A

ethosuximide

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19
Q

focal seizures - frontal lobe features

A
  • head/leg movements
  • post-ictal weakness
  • jacksonian march
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19
Q

focal seizures - temporal lobe features

A
  • aura
  • deja vu
  • automisms (lip smacking)
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20
Q

focal seizures - parietal lobe feature

A

paraesthesia

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21
Q

first unprovoked epileptic seizure or a single isolated seizure - driving rules

A

no driving for 6 months

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22
Q

upper motor neurone signs

A

spasticity
hyperreflexia
babinskis reflex

23
lower motor neurone signs
fasciculations muscle wasting (atrophy)
24
progressive muscular atrophy (MND)
only lower motor neurone features
25
primary lateral sclerosis (MND)
only upper motor neurone features rare
26
medical treatment of migraine - acute
NSAID (aspirin, naproxen, ibuprofen) If gastroparesis consider antiemetic Triptans (5HT agonist)
27
migraine medical prophylaxis
propanalol amitriptyline topiromate
28
do you get nausea/vomiting in tension headache
no
29
hydrocephalus presentation
related to increased ICP - early morning headaches - N+V - lethargy - vision disturbances - balance problems - cognitive difficulties
30
normal pressure hydrocephalus - Hakim's triad
dementia magnetic gait incontinence
31
typical patient with idiopathic cranial hypertension
younger, overweight female many have polycystic ovaries
32
medical management of trigeminal neuralgia
1st line: carbamazepine gabapentin phenytoin
33
cluster headache management
acute: high flow O2 100% with a subcutaneous or nasal triptan, steroids prophylaxis: verapamil
34
paroxysmal hemicrania
like cluster headache but more common in women severe unilateral headache 10-30mins duration 1-40 a day
35
what has absolute response to indomethicin
paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua
36
typical antipsychotics examples
haloperidol prochloperazine fluphenazine chlorpromazine
37
typical antipsychotics mechanism of action
non-selectively block D2 and other receptors reduce positive symptoms
38
atypical antipsychotics examples
olanzapine rispiridone quetiapine aripiprazole clozapine amisulpride
39
clozapine monitoring
ECG and FBC before starting FBC every week for 18 weeks then every 2 weeks thereafter weight on each visit
40
HELLP syndrome
haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets
41
early vs late preeclampsia
<34 weeks vs >34 weeks
42
pre-eclampsia clinical features
hypertension proteinuria oedema may be asymptomatic
43
pre-eclampsia management
low dose aspirin cure is birth
44
hallmark feature of eclampsia
new onset tonic-clonic type seizure, in the presence of pre-eclampsia
45
eclampsia management
IV labetalol to control BP Stop seizures - IV magnesium sulphate Fluid balance Delivery
46
Auer rods
AML
47
Philadelphia chromosome
CML
48
CML chromosome translocation
9:22
49
CML 3 phases
chronic, accelerated, blast
50
CML management
stem cell/bone marrow transplant tyrosine kinase inhibitors e.g. imatinib
51
What leukaemia can cause warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
CLL
52
smear or smudge cells
CLL
53
which leukaemia can transform into high-grade lymphoma
CLL
54
Lymphoma risk factors
HIV EBV
55
which lymphoma is associated with H pylori infection
MALT lymphoma
56
reed sternberg cell
hodgkins lymphoma
57
what is R-CHOP chemo used for
non-hodgkins lymphoma

Panic Mode: Activated (4 decks)

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