Year 13 Vocab Test 1

Question 1

Universality

Answer 1

Underlying characteristics of human beings that is capable of being applied to all regardless of experience or upbringing.

Question 2

Gender Bias

Answer 2

Treating an individual or group differently from others (based on gender). Psychological research does not account for the differences in experience between men and women.

Question 3

Androcentrism - Male

Answer 3

Centred when normal behaviour is judged according to male standard. (Female behaviour being classed as abnormal).

Question 4

Alpha Bias

Answer 4

Theories that suggest that there are real differences between men and women. They enhance or undervalue females.

Question 5

Beta Bias

Answer 5

Theories that ignore or minimise differences between sexes.

Question 6

Cultural Bias

Answer 6

Refers to a tendency to ignore cultural differences and interpret all phenomena through one’s own culture.

Question 7

Ethnocentrism

Answer 7

Judging other cultures by the standards of your own culture. Extreme form can lead to prejudice and discrimination towards other cultures.

Question 8

Cultural Relativism

Answer 8

The idea that norms and values as well as ethics and moral students can only be meaningful and understood with specific social and cultural contexts.

Question 9

Emic approach

Answer 9

Looks at behaviours outside of a cultures and tries to describe universal behaviours.

Question 10

Imposed Eric

Answer 10

Imposing your own cultural understanding upon the rest of the world.

Question 11

Free Will

Answer 11

The idea that humans can make there own choices and are not determined by biological or external forces.

Question 12

Determinism

Answer 12

The view that people behaviour is controlled by biological and external forces.

Question 13

Hard determinism

Answer 13

Implies that free will is not possible as our behaviour is always caused by internal and external events beyond our control.

Question 14

Soft determinism

Answer 14

Implies that internal and external forces shape behaviour but also our conscious choices.

Question 15

Biological determinism

Answer 15

The belief that behaviour is controlled by biological influences which we can not control.

Question 16

Environmental determinism

Answer 16

The belief that behaviour is caused by features of our environment in which we cannot control

Question 17

Psychic determinism

Answer 17

The belief that behaviour is caused by unconscious conflicts that we cannot control.

Question 18

Holism

Answer 18

A theory which proposes it only makes sense to study an invisible system rather than constituent parts.

Question 19

Reductionism

Answer 19

The belief that human behaviour is best explained by breaking it down into smaller constituent parts.

Question 20

Biological reductionism

Answer 20

Form of reductionism which tries to explain social and psychological phenomena at a lower biological level

Question 21

Environmental reductionism

Answer 21

The attempt to explain all behaviour in terms of stimulus response links that are learned through experience

Question 22

Internationalism

Answer 22

Considers how different levels of explanations may combine and interact.I

Question 23

Idiographic approach

Answer 23

An approach that focuses on individual cases to understand behaviour rather that aiming to formulate general laws of behaviour.

Question 24

Nomothetic approach

Answer 24

Attempts to study human behaviour through the development of universal laws