Year 13 Vocab Test 1 Flashcards
Universality
Underlying characteristics of human beings that is capable of being applied to all regardless of experience or upbringing.
Gender Bias
Treating an individual or group differently from others (based on gender). Psychological research does not account for the differences in experience between men and women.
Androcentrism - Male
Centred when normal behaviour is judged according to male standard. (Female behaviour being classed as abnormal).
Alpha Bias
Theories that suggest that there are real differences between men and women. They enhance or undervalue females.
Beta Bias
Theories that ignore or minimise differences between sexes.
Cultural Bias
Refers to a tendency to ignore cultural differences and interpret all phenomena through one’s own culture.
Ethnocentrism
Judging other cultures by the standards of your own culture. Extreme form can lead to prejudice and discrimination towards other cultures.
Cultural Relativism
The idea that norms and values as well as ethics and moral students can only be meaningful and understood with specific social and cultural contexts.
Emic approach
Looks at behaviours outside of a cultures and tries to describe universal behaviours.
Imposed Eric
Imposing your own cultural understanding upon the rest of the world.
Free Will
The idea that humans can make there own choices and are not determined by biological or external forces.
Determinism
The view that people behaviour is controlled by biological and external forces.
Hard determinism
Implies that free will is not possible as our behaviour is always caused by internal and external events beyond our control.
Soft determinism
Implies that internal and external forces shape behaviour but also our conscious choices.
Biological determinism
The belief that behaviour is controlled by biological influences which we can not control.
Environmental determinism
The belief that behaviour is caused by features of our environment in which we cannot control
Psychic determinism
The belief that behaviour is caused by unconscious conflicts that we cannot control.
Holism
A theory which proposes it only makes sense to study an invisible system rather than constituent parts.
Reductionism
The belief that human behaviour is best explained by breaking it down into smaller constituent parts.
Biological reductionism
Form of reductionism which tries to explain social and psychological phenomena at a lower biological level
Environmental reductionism
The attempt to explain all behaviour in terms of stimulus response links that are learned through experience
Internationalism
Considers how different levels of explanations may combine and interact.I
Idiographic approach
An approach that focuses on individual cases to understand behaviour rather that aiming to formulate general laws of behaviour.
Nomothetic approach
Attempts to study human behaviour through the development of universal laws
