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Year 10 Biology > Year 11 bio > Flashcards

Year 11 bio Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the features of living things?

A
  • energy source
  • liquid water
  • chemical building blocks
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2
Q

What does MRS GREND stand for?

A

M-movement
R-respiration
S-sensitivity
G-growth
R-reproduction
E-excretion
N-nutrition
D-DNA

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3
Q

what are the 3 tenets of cell theory?

A
  1. All organisms are composed of cells
  2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organisation in organisms.
  3. All cells come from pre-existing cells
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4
Q

What are the three components of a cell?

A
  1. a cell membrane
  2. nuclear material
  3. cytosol
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5
Q

what are the two main classes of cells?

A

Prokaryotic- no membrane
Eukaryotic- has a membrane

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6
Q

what has no membrane-bound
organelles?

A

Prokaryotic cells

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6
Q

What are the general features of a prokaryotic cell?

A

-capsule
-cell wall
-cell (plasma) membrane
-DNA- free floating
-ribsomes
-plasmids
-cytosol

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7
Q

what does have membrane-bound
organelles?

A

Eukaryotic cells

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8
Q

What is the difference between archaea and bacteria?

A

Archaea has three RNA polymerases but bacteria only has one.

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9
Q

Which group has organisms that do not fit into any other groups?

A

The Protista.

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9
Q

What is the name of the organelles found near the nucleus in an animal cell?

A

Centrioles

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10
Q

What are plant cell walls and fungi cell walls made up of?

A

Plant cell walls- Cellulose
Fungi cell walls- Chitin

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11
Q

What are the two organelles that are present in plant cells?

A

Chloroplast and a large permanent vacuole.

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12
Q

Where is the chloroplast found in the cells?

A

They are found only in the parts of a plant that are exposed to sunlight, such as the cells in some parts of leaves

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12
Q

what are the few single cells large enough to see with an unaided human?

A

-human egg cells
-amoeba
-a unicellular organism.

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13
Q

what are the examples of variations in a cell shape?

A

a. star-shaped
b. spherical
c. columnar
d. flat
e. elongated
f. disc-shaped
g. cuboidal

14
Q

what are the bacterial cells that come in many shapes?

A

a. rod-shaped
b. spiral shaped
c. spherical cocci

15
Q

how do cells with a fixed shape?

A

Cilia and flagella

16
Q

How many microvillis does a single-cell lining of the small intestine have?

A

up to 10,000

16
Q

what does the cell’s essential function rely on?

A

On the membrane to allow a constant exchange of material between the cell and the external environment

17
Q

What is the function of a nucleus?

A

to produce the ribosomal that firms part of the ribosomes

18
Q

What does NPC’s stand for

A

Nuclear pore complexes

19
Q

In what process do plant and animal cells produce ATP?

A

plant and animal cells produce ATP in the process of cellular respiration.

20
Q

what is a plasma membrane?

A

It is a place where some but not all substances are transported between the internal and external environments.

21
Q

What does the plasma membrane act as?

A

a selective barrier between the cell membrane and the outside of the cell, and the cytosol and the internal compartments of organelles

22
Q

what is the most important role of the membrane?

A

the ability to transport materials between the intracellular and extracellular environments.

23
Q

crossing the membrane can be achieved in several ways depending on what?

A
  1. the type of molecule( hydrophilic or hydrophobic)
  2. the size of the molecule
  3. whether there is a difference in concentration gradient
24
Q

What is a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic?

A

hydrophilic- water-loving- dissolves in water.
hydrophobic- water fearing- dissolves in lipids

25
Q

what are the steps of binary fission?

A
  1. DNA replication starts at the origin of replication.
  2. The DNA is copied and the cell elongates.
  3. DNA is pulled towards either end of the cell.
  4. A new septum forms and cytokinesis occurs.
    5.The septum is complete as a cell wall and the cells are split in two.
26
Q

what is binary fission?

A

the process of cell multiplication in bacteria and other unicellular organisms

27
Q

how long can binary fission be completed in?

A

20 minutes at room temperature

28
Q

What is reproduced through the process of binary fission?

A

prokaryotes ( Archaea and bacteria)

29
Q

What are the steps of cell cycle

A

Interphase: increases in size
Mitosis: copies its DNA
Cytokineses: divides

Year 10 Biology (3 decks)

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