Year 11 bio Flashcards
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what are the features of living things?
- energy source
- liquid water
- chemical building blocks
What does MRS GREND stand for?
M-movement
R-respiration
S-sensitivity
G-growth
R-reproduction
E-excretion
N-nutrition
D-DNA
what are the 3 tenets of cell theory?
- All organisms are composed of cells
- The cell is the basic unit of structure and organisation in organisms.
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
What are the three components of a cell?
- a cell membrane
- nuclear material
- cytosol
what are the two main classes of cells?
Prokaryotic- no membrane
Eukaryotic- has a membrane
what has no membrane-bound
organelles?
Prokaryotic cells
What are the general features of a prokaryotic cell?
-capsule
-cell wall
-cell (plasma) membrane
-DNA- free floating
-ribsomes
-plasmids
-cytosol
what does have membrane-bound
organelles?
Eukaryotic cells
What is the difference between archaea and bacteria?
Archaea has three RNA polymerases but bacteria only has one.
Which group has organisms that do not fit into any other groups?
The Protista.
What is the name of the organelles found near the nucleus in an animal cell?
Centrioles
What are plant cell walls and fungi cell walls made up of?
Plant cell walls- Cellulose
Fungi cell walls- Chitin
What are the two organelles that are present in plant cells?
Chloroplast and a large permanent vacuole.
Where is the chloroplast found in the cells?
They are found only in the parts of a plant that are exposed to sunlight, such as the cells in some parts of leaves
what are the few single cells large enough to see with an unaided human?
-human egg cells
-amoeba
-a unicellular organism.
what are the examples of variations in a cell shape?
a. star-shaped
b. spherical
c. columnar
d. flat
e. elongated
f. disc-shaped
g. cuboidal
what are the bacterial cells that come in many shapes?
a. rod-shaped
b. spiral shaped
c. spherical cocci
how do cells with a fixed shape?
Cilia and flagella
How many microvillis does a single-cell lining of the small intestine have?
up to 10,000
what does the cell’s essential function rely on?
On the membrane to allow a constant exchange of material between the cell and the external environment
What is the function of a nucleus?
to produce the ribosomal that firms part of the ribosomes
What does NPC’s stand for
Nuclear pore complexes
In what process do plant and animal cells produce ATP?
plant and animal cells produce ATP in the process of cellular respiration.
what is a plasma membrane?
It is a place where some but not all substances are transported between the internal and external environments.
