Year 10 Spoken Language

Question 1

E.g. ‘cause’ instead of ‘because’.

Answer 1

Abbreviations

Question 2

The ways in which words are pronounced. It can vary according to the region or social class of a speaker

Answer 2

Accent

Question 3

Characteristics of informal spoken language or conversation

Answer 3

Conversational speech

Question 4

E.g. ‘Please’ and ‘Thank you’.

Answer 4

Courtesy terms

Question 5

The distinctive grammar and vocabulary which is associated with a regional or social use of a language

Answer 5

Dialect

Question 6

Refers to routines of language

Answer 6

Discourses

Question 7

Words and phrases which are used to signal the relationship and connections between utterances and signpost that what is said can be followed by the listener or reader. E.g. ‘First’, ‘on the other hand’, ‘now’, ‘what’s more’, ‘so anyway’, etc.

Answer 7

Discourse markers

Question 8

When the speaker begins an utterance, then stops and either repeats or reformulates it.

Answer 8

False start

Question 9

Items which do not carry conventional meaning but which are inserted in speech to allow time to think, to create a pause or to hold a turn in conversation. E.g. ‘er’, ‘umm’, ‘ah’.

Answer 9

Fillers

Question 10

An individually distinctive style of speaking, which includes aspects of dialect and accent

Answer 10

Idiolect

Question 11

These will only make sense amongst insiders

Answer 11

In-slang or in-jokes

Question 12

The speaker hasn’t finished a unit of meaning but the other speaker starts talking anyway. These occur frequently

Answer 12

Interruptions

Question 13

The sound pattern of phrases and sentences produced by pitch variation in the voice

Answer 13

Intonation

Question 14

One speaker talks at the same time as another speaker

Answer 14

Overlaps

Question 15

The process or art of regulating actions or remarks in relation to others to produce the best effect

Answer 15

Pace/timing

Question 16

The degree of height or depth of a tone or of sound, depending upon the relative rapidity of the vibrations by which it is produced

Answer 16

Pitch

Question 17

This is grammar that is determined by what part of the country you come from (e.g. Lancashire grammar will be different from Essex grammar, etc.)

Answer 17

Regional grammar

Question 18

Level of formality in speech with others; register depends on the situation, location, topic discussed, and other factors (e.g. formal/informal, etc.)

Answer 18

Register

Question 19

Repeating words or phrases. These can be for emphasis or to give the speaker more time to sort out their thoughts before continuing.

Answer 19

Repetitions

Question 20

A technique that a speaker (or author) uses to evoke an emotional response in the audience (e.g. hyperbole – I was so hungry, I could have eaten an elephant).

Answer 20

Rhetorical device

Question 21

Very informal language; either new words or current words used in a special sense (e.g. wicked, safe, etc.)

Answer 21

Slang

Question 22

The variety of English that is generally acknowledged as the model for the speech and writing of educated speakers.

Answer 22

Standard English

Question 23

This refers to a widely held belief about a group of people (e.g. the belief that all boys love sport more than girls, etc.)

Answer 23

Stereotype

Question 24

Strings of words normally added to a declarative sentence to turn the statement into a question. E.g. “It’s a bit expensive round here, isn’t it?”

Answer 24

Tag question

Question 25

A particular quality, way of sounding, or intonation of the voice as expressive of some meaning, feeling, spirit, etc.: a tone of command.

Answer 25

Tone

Question 26

A written copy of a discussion or speech.

Answer 26

Transcript

Question 27

A turn is a time during which a single participant speaks, within a typical, orderly arrangement in which participants speak with minimal overlap and gap between them. It’s the principal unit of description in conversational structure.

Answer 27

Turn taking

Question 28

Sentences that are left to dangle in the air – e.g. “… so I didn’t… it was just that…” – these are a feature of spoken interaction because some things just don’t have to be said, either because of pre-existing knowledge or paralinguistic aspects of the

Answer 28

Unfinished sentences

Question 29

A complete unit of talk, bounded by the speaker’s silence.

Answer 29

Utterance