Year 10 Session 2 Flashcards
Define giant structure
A structure that extends in all directions.
Define latttice
A regular arrangement of particles, such as the sodium and chloride ions in sodium chloride.
What is a crystal?
It is formed when particles arrange themselves in lattices
Define electrostatic force
The force holding ions together.
What color does litmus paper turn in an acid?
Red
What color does litmus paper turn in a neutral solution?
Purple
What color does litmus paper turn in an alkaline solution?
Blue
The kinetic theory of matter
All matter is made of small particles that are in random motion and that have space between them. It means that no matter what state the matter is in, it will always be made up of small, moving particles.
Method of filtration
1) Fold the filter paper and place it in the filter funnel. 2) Add the solution into the filter paper. 3) The liquid should be at the bottom of the beaker, and the solid/precipitate should be trapped at the top in the filter paper.
Method of crystallisation
1) Boil the solution in an evaporating basin until a ring of crystals is seen.
What is the function of filtration?
It separates a liquid and an insoluble solid
What is the function of crystallisation?
It separates a dissolved solid and a liquid
Method of distillation
1) Heat the solution
2) Obtain the distillate (The liquid which comes from the end of the Liebig condenser)
What is the function of distillation?
To separate two liquids with different boiling points or a liquid from a dissolved solid.
Method of Fractional distillation
1) Heat the solution
2) Obtain the distillate (the liquid which comes from the end of the Liebig condenser)
What is the function of fractional distillation?
To separate two or more liquids with different boiling points
Metal+ acid
–> salt + hydrogen
Metal carbonate+ acid
–> salt + carbon dioxide + water
Acid +alkali
–> salt +water
Metal+ salt solution
The more reactive metal displaces the less reactive metal
Element+ element
The non-metal name changes to end in -ide
Hardness of Alkali metals
Get softer down the group
Appearance of Alkali metals
Shiny when freshly cut
Weight of Alkali metals
Lighter than water
Method of storage for alkali metals
Paraffin oil
Reaction of Alkali metals with air
Tarnishes because of oxygen and moisture in air