year 10 - genetics

Question 1

what are the 4 nitrogenous bases?

Answer 1

adenine & thymine, guamine & cytosine

Question 2

gene

Answer 2

part of a cell in living things which controls its physical characteristics, growth and development

Question 3

allele

Answer 3

a version of a gene,, each person inherits one from their mum and dad

Question 4

codon

Answer 4

a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in DNA or RNA molecules

Question 5

chromosome

Answer 5

a threadlike structure of nuclei acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information as genes

Question 6

meiosis

Answer 6

the process that results in the formation of gametes with half of the genetic material of the parent cell

Question 7

mitosis

Answer 7

the process or replication that results in genetically identical daughter cells

Question 8

zygote

Answer 8

an egg that has been fertilised by sperm, and which can develop into an embryo
(after fertilisation)

Question 9

fertilisation

Answer 9

the action or process of fertilising an egg of a female animal or plant

Question 10

gamete

Answer 10

the male or female reproductive cell that contains only half the genetic material of the organism

Question 11

diploid

Answer 11

a nucleus that contains two complete sets of chromosomes

Question 12

haploid

Answer 12

a nucleus that contains one complete set of chromosomes

Question 13

cell theory

Answer 13

1. all organisms are made up of cells and the product of cells
2. all cells come from pre-existing cells
3. the cell is the smallest living organisational unit

Question 14

dominant trait

Answer 14

an inherited characteristic that appears on an offspring

Question 15

recessive trait

Answer 15

can be carried in a person’s gene without appearing on that person as a physical trait

Question 16

describe the difference between gene and allele

Answer 16

a gene is a stretch of DNA that determines a certain trait

allele is a form of a gene

Question 17

genotype

Answer 17

set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait

Question 18

phenotype

Answer 18

the physical expression, or characteristic of that trait, which can be seen

Question 19

homozygous

Answer 19

a genotype that consists of two matching genes

Question 20

heterozygous

Answer 20

a genotype that consists of two non-matching genes

Question 21

what is co-dominance?

Answer 21

it is when the phenotypes of both parents are simultaneously expressed on the same offspring

Question 22

transcription

Answer 22

dna being copied to form rna

Question 23

translation

Answer 23

the arrangement of amino acids that join together to make protein

Question 24

differences of dna and rna

Answer 24

1. strands,, dna (double) & rna (single)
2. uracil replaces thymine in rna
3. rna has ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose sugar

Question 25

similarities of dna and rna

Answer 25

1. both made up of nucleotides
2. both have 4 nitrogen bases
3. both follow the helix shape