Year 10 Genetics

Question 1

The control centre of a cell, controls metabolism, growth, division

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

A strand of DNA found in all living things, usually in the nucleus

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid. Carries codes for inheritance. Made of sugar, phosphate, and the four nitrogen bases. A, T, C, G. It has negative charge

Question 4

A, T, C, G

Answer 4

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 5

Autosome

Answer 5

Chromosomes not involved in sex determination. Humans have 2 copies of each 22 different Utosomes, so 44.

Question 6

Sex chromosome

Answer 6

Involved in she’s determination. Humans have two of these, a large one known as X and a small one known as Y. 2 X in females, an X and Y on males so 46 chromosomes total on humans.

Question 7

Karyotype

Answer 7

A photo of the chromosomes in an individual where maternal and paternal chromosomes have been paired and arranged from largest to smallest together with sex chromosomes.

Question 8

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 8

A pair of matching chromosomes that contain the same genes, one maternal, one paternal. They air at metaphase in cell division

Question 9

Somatic cell

Answer 9

An ordinary body cell. Contains two sets of each chromosome, one maternal, one paternal

Question 10

Mitosis

Answer 10

Cell division in somatic cells, used for growth and repair.none diploid cell produces two diploid daughter cells.

Question 11

Diploid

Answer 11

2 sets of chromosomes present, one paternal, one maternal

Question 12

Meiosis

Answer 12

Cell division in gonads to produce gametes. One diploid parent cell produces four daughter haploid cells named gametes, for reproduction

Question 13

Gonad

Answer 13

A general name for ovaries and testes

Question 14

Gamete

Answer 14

A general name for ova and sperm

Question 15

Haploid

Answer 15

One complete set of chromosomes. The only haploid cells in humans

Question 16

The basic unit of all living things

Answer 16

Cell