Year 10 End of year exam study Flashcards
Define “Pronation”.
Rotation of the hand and forearm so that the palm faces backwards or downwards.
How many muscles are in the human body?
There are about 600 muscles in the human body.
What is the role of ligaments in the human body?
They stabilise the joints during movement and prevent dislocation by restricting actions outside the normal joint range.
What are the different types of muscle contractions?
Isometric - Tightening a specific group of muscles without it changing length. Wall sit, plank, etc.
Isotonic - A change in muscle contraction without a change in load. Running, swimming, etc.
Isokinetic - The muscles change in length + produce movements of a constant speed. RDL’s, leg ext., etc.
What is an agonist and antagonist muscles in movement?
Agonist - The muscle that is contracting.
Antagonist - The muscle that is relaxing or lengthening.
For example, in a bicep curl, the triceps will be the antagonist.
Define “Supination”.
Rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces forward or upward.
What is the circulatory system responsible for?
The circulatory system is made up of the heart and blood vessels working together. The role of the circulatory system is to move nutrients, hormones, oxygen and other gases to your body’s organs, muscles and tissues, to use for energy, growth and repair.
What are the six main functions of the skeletal system?
Support, Storage, Protection, Production, Attachment, Movement
What is the respiratory system responsible for?
The respiratory system’s main job is to move fresh air into your body while removing waste gases such as carbon dioxide.
What are the five types of bones?
Long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal muscle - the tissue that is attached to bones and allows movement.
Smooth muscle - Located in various internal structures including the digestive tract, uterus and blood vessels such as arteries. Another common term is involuntary muscle, since the motion of smooth muscle happens without our conscious awareness.
Cardiac muscle - The muscle specific to the heart. The heart contracts and relaxes without our conscious awareness.
How are veins different to arteries?
Arteries and veins (also called blood vessels) are tubes of muscle that your blood flows through.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. Veins push blood back to your heart.
What is homeostasis?
Any automatic process that a living thing uses to keep its body steady on the inside while continuing to adjust to conditions outside of the body.
A muscle’s elasticity is its ability to…
Recoil or bounce back to the muscle’s original length after being stretched.
What is the role of tendons in the human body?
A tendon is a cord of strong, flexible tissue, connecting your muscles to your bones. When you contract your muscle, your tendon pulls the attached bone, causing it to move. Tendons work as levers to move your bones as your muscles contract and expand.
