Year 10 Chem Flashcards
What is the structure of an Atom?
It consists of a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons, with bands of electrons around it
What parts of an atom are equal in number?
Protons and electron
Where are groups and periods?
Groups are vertical
Periods are horizontal
What are valence electrons of atoms?
Valence electrons are basically the last shell of electrons (outer shell) of an atoms. For example Neon is 10th on the periodic table so its configuration is 2, 8. The second shell with 8 electrons is its valence shell
What are ions?
Ion are atoms with an electric charge. If they have a negative charge they are called Anions, if they have a positive charge, they’re called Cations.
What is an ionic bond and a covalent bond
Covalent Bond: when 2 non metals share electrons they are held together by opposite charges. There can be double and triple covalent bonds
Ionic Bond: is when an atom looses an electrons and another one gains them, to form an ion.
Write the formula for this ionic compound: Sodium Phosphide (Use ions sheet on OneNote)
Na3 P
Write the formula for this ionic compound: Magnesium Nitrate (use ions sheet on OneNote)
Mg (NO3)2
Write the formula for this ionic compound: Lead (lol) Sulfite (use ions sheet on OneNote)
Pb (SO) (there would be 3’s but they all cancel each other out
Write the formula for this ionic compound: Calcium Phosphate (use ions sheet on OneNote)
Ca4 PO
Write the formula for this ionic compound: Aluminium sulfide (use ions sheet on OneNote)
Al S (remember the numbers on the top are the powers not how many there is )
Write the formula for this ionic compound: Ammonium sulfate (use ions sheet on OneNote)
NH4 SO4 (the numbers don’t swap because they’re the same number)
What does an Acid + Base make AND what is it?
Acid and Base creates a salt and H2O. This is called neutralisation.
What’s an example of an acid and base?
Nitric acid + sodium hydroxide = sodium nitrate + water
What does an acid and a metal make?
Salt + Hydrogen Gas
What is an example of acid and metal?
Hydrochloric acid + magnesium = magnesium chloride + hydrogen gas
What does an acid and carbonate make?
Salt + carbon dioxide + water
What is an example of acid + carbonate
Sulfric acid and calcium carbonate = calcium sulfate + carbon dioxide + H2O
What is the difference between a composition reaction and a decomposition reaction?
Composition reactions is when 2 or more reactants join together to form a single product. Where is a decomposition reaction is when a single product breaks down to make 2 or more.
Example of decomposition reactions
Carbonic acid = water + carbon dioxide
Example of thermal decomposition
Sodium azide = sodium + nitrogen gas
Example of Precipitation Equation
Potassium chloride + silver nitrate = Potassium nitrate + silver chloride
What is a precipitate?
a solid formed by a change in a solution, often due to a chemical reaction or change in temperature that decreases solubility of a solid
Define the rate of reaction
The speed that products are formed form the reactants in a chemical reaction.
Define exothermic
Release of heat
Define endothermic
The absorption of heat
Define Redox reactions
Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons. You can use OILRIG (oxidation is loss reduction is gain) So an element looses electrons and gets oxidised, and another element gains that electron so , reduction.
