year 10 biology Flashcards
biology
What holds the genetic information?
The Nucleus
What is DNA organised into?
DNA is organised into gens that are found on Chromosomes DNA -> Genes -> Chromosomes.
What is a gene?
Genes are segments of DNA that code for a particular protein e.g eye colour.
How many chromosomes do Humans have (pairs and total)?
Humans have 23 pairs, 46 total.
What is a diploid?
A Diploid is a paired set of chromosomes in somatic cells.
What are Somatic Cells?
Somatic cells are cells in the body. (exept sex cells)
What are Gametes
Gametes are reproduction or sex cells.
What is a Haploid
Haploid are the possession of one copy of each chromosomes in the cells 46/2 = 23
What chromosomes do Females and Males have
Females have 2* X chromosomes
Males have X+Y chromosomes
What is an Autosome
An Autosome is any chromosome not involved in sex determination.
What combinations can you make with phenotypes
AA, aa, Aa
Is it a high chance to get all the same traits
it is a very low chance
What is an allele
They are the different forms of a gene eg blue eyes
What are dominant alleles
They will always be expressed when they’re present
What is a genotype
the alleles that a person has eg Bb
What is a phenotype
the trait that is visible eg brown eyes
What does DNA stand for
Deoxynucleic acid
What are proteins
They are large very complex molecules
What are proteins made up of
Amino Acids
How are proteins unique
Each protein has a specific function and shape
