Year 10 Biology

Question 1

Where is DNA found?

Answer 1

The nucleus of a cell

Question 2

What is a gene?

Answer 2

A segment of DNA

Question 3

What shape does DNA have?

Answer 3

Double Helix

Question 4

What is the building blocks of DNA?

Answer 4

Nucleotides

Question 5

What are nucleotides made of?

Answer 5

Phosphate group, pentose sugar and nitrogenous base

Question 6

What are the bases of DNA

Answer 6

Adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine

Question 7

Which base bonds with each other?

Answer 7

Adenine and Thymine bond
Cytosine and Guanine bond

Question 8

What is the significance of protein?

Answer 8

It gives us our traits

Question 9

How is DNA organised?

Answer 9

Into units called genes

Question 10

How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have?

Answer 10

23 pairs
46 in total

Question 11

What does diploid mean?

Answer 11

A pair of chromosomes in somatic cells

Question 12

What is a somatic cell?

Answer 12

Cells in the body that are NOT sex cells e.g. cheek cells

Question 13

What are gametes?

Answer 13

Reproduction or sex cells (sperm/eggs)

Question 14

What does haploid mean?

Answer 14

The copy of each chromosome (46/2=23)

Question 15

What is an autosome?

Answer 15

Any chromosome NOT involved in sex determination

Question 16

What is a sex chromosome?

Answer 16

Chromosomes that determine a person’s sex
xy- male
xx- female

Question 17

What is a pedigree chart?

Answer 17

A chart of genetic history over several generations

Question 18

How do we determine if the disease is autosomal?

Answer 18

If it is 50/50 between males and females

Question 19

How do we determine if the disease is X-linked?

Answer 19

If most males are affected by it

Question 20

How do we determine if the disease is dominant?

Answer 20

One of the parents have to have it

Question 21

How do we determine if the disease is recessive?

Answer 21

Neither parent have to have it, they can be heterozygous

Question 22

What are the symbols for their genders?

Answer 22

Circle: female
Square: male

Question 23

How can you tell if they are married?

Answer 23

It will have a line between them

Question 24

How can you tell if they are siblings?

Answer 24

It will have a line at the top connecting them

Question 25

How can you tell if they are twins?

Answer 25

Fraternal- lines go diagonally
Identical- lines go diagonally and between them

Question 26

How can you tell if they have the trait or not?

Answer 26

Have the trait- will have the shape shaded in
Don’t have the trait- won’t have the shape shaded in

Question 27

How can you tell if they are deceased?

Answer 27

They will have a line through the shape

Question 28

What are proteins?

Answer 28

Large very complex molecules

Question 29

What are the building blocks of protein?

Answer 29

Amino acids

Question 30

How are proteins unique?

Answer 30

Each one has a specific function and shape

Question 31

In what order are the children in?

Answer 31

Oldest - youngest
Left - right

Question 32

How does DNA code for amino acids?

Answer 32

Each (3) bases of DNA codes for a specific amino acid

Question 33

Where are proteins created?

Answer 33

In the Ribosomes

Question 34

Why do we need to convert DNA?

Answer 34

Its to large to leave the nucleus

Question 35

What is DNA converted to?

Answer 35

Messenger MRA

Question 36

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 36

Ribosenucleric Acid

Question 37

What is the process called that gets DNA to MRA?

Answer 37

Transcription

Question 38

What is the enzyme involved in transcription?

Answer 38

RNA polymerase