Year 10 bio

Question 1

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Answer 1

A molecule of DNA is made up of millions of tiny subunits called nucleotides (monomer) mono=1

Question 2

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Answer 2

Each nucleotide consists of:
- Phosphate
- Pentose sugar
- Nitrogenous base

Question 3

What components form the DNA backbone?

Answer 3

The sugar and and the phosphate form the backbone of the DNA molecule.

Question 4

What components form the “rungs”?

Answer 4

The nitrogenous base forms the “rungs”.

Question 5

What are the four types of nitrogenous bases?

Answer 5

Adenine(A)
Thymine(T)
Cytosine(C)
Gunine(G)

Question 6

What is complementary base pairing?

Answer 6

Complementary base pairing is each base will only bond with one other specific base.

Question 7

Why does DNA have a double helix?

Answer 7

These rules and components allow DNA to form a double helix.

Question 8

Where is DNA located in the cell?

Answer 8

The nucleus holds genetic information (DNA)

Question 9

How is DNA organised in the nucleus?

Answer 9

Organised into units called genes. Genes are found in chromosomes.
(DNA>Genes>Chromosomes)

Question 10

What is a gene?

Answer 10

A segment of DNA that codes for a particular proteine. E.g eye colour.

Question 11

How many pairs of chromonseones do humans have?

Answer 11

Humans have 23 pairs (46 in total)

Question 12

What does diploid mean?

Answer 12

A paired set of chromosomes in somatic cells.

Question 13

What is a somatic cell?

Answer 13

Cells of the body except sex cells.

Question 14

What are gamets?

Answer 14

Reproduction or sex cells (sperm/ ovum)

Question 15

What does haploid mean?

Answer 15

The possession of one copy of each chromosome in a cell.

Question 16

What sex chromosomes does a female have?

Answer 16

XX= Female

Question 17

What sex chromosomes does a male have?

Answer 17

XY=Male

Question 18

What is a autosome?

Answer 18

Any chromosome not involved in sex determination.

Question 19

What is a sex chromosome?

Answer 19

The chromosomes that determine a individuals sex.

Question 20

What is a karyotype?

Answer 20

A karyotype is a visualisation of the individuals collection of chromosomes.

Question 21

What is the purpose of a karyotype?

Answer 21

To look at abnormal numbers or structures of chromosomes.

Question 22

What is a chromosome?

Answer 22

The same size and shape and carry the same genes.

Question 23

Where do you get the matching pairs from?

Answer 23

One pair from mum, one from dad.

Question 24

What is an allele?

Answer 24

An allele is a different form of a gene
E.g eye colour

Question 25

What is the difference between a gene and and allele?

Answer 25

Gene specifies trait, allele specifies from a gene.

Question 26

What are dominant alleles?

Answer 26

Dominant alleles will always be expressed when they are present.

Question 27

What are recessive alleles?

Answer 27

Expressed only when there are two recessive alleles.

Question 28

What is a genotype?

Answer 28

The alleles that a person has E.g Bb> recessive

Question 29

What is a phenotype?

Answer 29

The trait that is seen E.g brown eyes

Question 30

What does homozygenes mean?

Answer 30

The same BB or bb

Question 31

What does heterozygous mean?

Answer 31

Different Bb

Question 32

What are proteins?

Answer 32

They are large very complex molecules necessary for every living organism- genetic traits rely on proteins.

Question 33

What are the building blocks of protein ?

Answer 33

Amino acids

Question 34

How are proteins unique?

Answer 34

Each protein has a specific funtion and a specific shape to enable it to perform.

Question 35

How does DNA code for amino acids?

Answer 35

Each 3 bases of DNA codes for a specific amino acid.

Question 36

DNA stands for?

Answer 36

Deoxy nucleic acid

Question 37

Where are proteins created?

Answer 37

In the ribosomes

Question 38

Why do we need to convert DNA?

Answer 38

Because it's too large to leave the nucleus.

Question 39

What's DNA converted to?

Answer 39

Messenger mRNA

Question 40

RNA stands for?

Answer 40

Ribonucleic acid

Question 41

What is the process called to get DNA to MRNA?

Answer 41

Transcription

Question 42

What is the enzyme involved in transcription?

Answer 42

RNA polymerase

Question 43

Whats the role of RNA polymerase?

Answer 43

To read the DNA and build the RNA strand.