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Year 10 science > Year 10 bio > Flashcards

Year 10 bio Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the building blocks of DNA?

A

A molecule of DNA is made up of millions of tiny subunits called nucleotides (monomer) mono=1

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2
Q

What are the components of a nucleotide?

A

Each nucleotide consists of:
- Phosphate
- Pentose sugar
- Nitrogenous base

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3
Q

What components form the DNA backbone?

A

The sugar and and the phosphate form the backbone of the DNA molecule.

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4
Q

What components form the “rungs”?

A

The nitrogenous base forms the “rungs”.

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5
Q

What are the four types of nitrogenous bases?

A

Adenine(A)
Thymine(T)
Cytosine(C)
Gunine(G)

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6
Q

What is complementary base pairing?

A

Complementary base pairing is each base will only bond with one other specific base.

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7
Q

Why does DNA have a double helix?

A

These rules and components allow DNA to form a double helix.

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8
Q

Where is DNA located in the cell?

A

The nucleus holds genetic information (DNA)

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9
Q

How is DNA organised in the nucleus?

A

Organised into units called genes. Genes are found in chromosomes.
(DNA>Genes>Chromosomes)

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10
Q

What is a gene?

A

A segment of DNA that codes for a particular proteine. E.g eye colour.

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11
Q

How many pairs of chromonseones do humans have?

A

Humans have 23 pairs (46 in total)

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12
Q

What does diploid mean?

A

A paired set of chromosomes in somatic cells.

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13
Q

What is a somatic cell?

A

Cells of the body except sex cells.

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14
Q

What are gamets?

A

Reproduction or sex cells (sperm/ ovum)

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15
Q

What does haploid mean?

A

The possession of one copy of each chromosome in a cell.

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16
Q

What sex chromosomes does a female have?

A

XX= Female

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17
Q

What sex chromosomes does a male have?

A

XY=Male

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18
Q

What is a autosome?

A

Any chromosome not involved in sex determination.

19
Q

What is a sex chromosome?

A

The chromosomes that determine a individuals sex.

20
Q

What is a karyotype?

A

A karyotype is a visualisation of the individuals collection of chromosomes.

21
Q

What is the purpose of a karyotype?

A

To look at abnormal numbers or structures of chromosomes.

22
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

The same size and shape and carry the same genes.

23
Q

Where do you get the matching pairs from?

A

One pair from mum, one from dad.

24
Q

What is an allele?

A

An allele is a different form of a gene
E.g eye colour

25
Q

What is the difference between a gene and and allele?

A

Gene specifies trait, allele specifies from a gene.

26
Q

What are dominant alleles?

A

Dominant alleles will always be expressed when they are present.

27
Q

What are recessive alleles?

A

Expressed only when there are two recessive alleles.

28
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The alleles that a person has
E.g Bb> recessive

29
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The trait that is seen
E.g brown eyes

30
Q

What does homozygenes mean?

A

The same BB or bb

31
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

Different Bb

32
Q

What are proteins?

A

They are large very complex molecules necessary for every living organism- genetic traits rely on proteins.

33
Q

What are the building blocks of protein ?

A

Amino acids

34
Q

How are proteins unique?

A

Each protein has a specific funtion and a specific shape to enable it to perform.

35
Q

How does DNA code for amino acids?

A

Each 3 bases of DNA codes for a specific amino acid.

36
Q

DNA stands for?

A

Deoxy nucleic acid

37
Q

Where are proteins created?

A

In the ribosomes

38
Q

Why do we need to convert DNA?

A

Because it’s too large to leave the nucleus.

39
Q

What’s DNA converted to?

A

Messenger mRNA

40
Q

RNA stands for?

A

Ribonucleic acid

41
Q

What is the process called to get DNA to MRNA?

A

Transcription

42
Q

What is the enzyme involved in transcription?

A

RNA polymerase

43
Q

Whats the role of RNA polymerase?

A

To read the DNA and build the RNA strand.

44
Q
A

Year 10 science (1 decks)

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