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Physics > Year 10 > Flashcards

Year 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Give the shortened version of metre and it’s use.

A

M

Distance

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2
Q

Give the shortened version of metre/second and it’s use.

A

M/s

Speed or velocity

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3
Q

Give the shortened version for metre/second2 and it’s use.

A

M/s2

Acceleration

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4
Q

Give the shortened version for Newton and it’s use.

A

N

Force

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5
Q

Give the shortened version of second and it’s use.

A

s

Time

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6
Q

Give the shortened version of Newton per kilogram and it’s use.

A

N/kg

Gravitational field strength

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7
Q

Give the shortened version and use for kilogram metre/second and it’s use.

A

kgm/s

Momentum

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8
Q

Give the shortened version of watt and it’s use

A

W

Power

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9
Q

Give the shortened version of joule and it’s use.

A

J

Energy

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10
Q

If the word is prefixed with kilo what’s it’s value?

A

1000

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11
Q

If the word is prefixed with mega what’s it’s value?

A

1,000,000

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12
Q

If the word is prefixed with Giga what’s it’s value?

A

1,000,000,000

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13
Q

If the word is prefixed with tera what’s it’s value?

A

10^12

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14
Q

On a DT graph if the line is horizontal what does that show?

A

That an object is stationary

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15
Q

What happens to a line on the DT graph if the object is moving at a steady speed?

A

The line is straight but sloped

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16
Q

Fill the gaps:

On a DT graph the steeper the gradient the _________ the speed.

A

Faster

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17
Q

What does a horizontal line on a VT graph show?

A

That the object is moving with a constant velocity.

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18
Q

How can you show constant acceleration on VT graph?

A

The line on the graph is straight but sloped.

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19
Q

If the speed changes on a DT graph what does the line look like?

A

The line will be curved.

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20
Q

What does a curve mean on a VT graph?

A

Non constant acceleration.

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21
Q

What’s the ONLY exception for joining dots in graphs?

A

Distance time and velocity time graphs

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22
Q

How do you work out speed?

A

Distance / time

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23
Q

Will two cars travelling at the same speed but in opposite directions have the same velocity?

A

No one will be positive and the other a negative velocity.

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24
Q

What do all vectors have?

A

Magnitude and direction

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25
Q

What is the meant by the velocity of an object?

A

It’s speed in a particular direction.

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26
Q

What’s the equation for acceleration?

A

a= change in velocity / time taken

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27
Q

What can forces cause?

A

Changes in speed, shape or direction of objects

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28
Q

Give examples of forces.

A 
Weight
Friction 
Air resistance
Drag
Up thrust
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29
Q

Define resultant force

A

The combined effect of the forces acting on an object.

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30
Q

What will happen if the resultant force acting on a stationary object is zero?

A

The object will remain stationary.

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31
Q

What will happen if the resultant force acting on a stationary object is not zero? (Hint: newtons laws)

A

The object will accelerate in the direction of the resultant force according to NEWTONS 2 law.

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32
Q

What will happen if the resultant force acting on a moving object is zero?

A

The object will continue to move at the same speed and in the same direction.

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33
Q

What will happen if the resultant force acting on a stationary object is not zero?

A

The object will accelerate in the direction of the resultant force.

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34
Q

What is Newtons 1st law of motion?

A

If no resultant force acts on an object then it will remain in a constant state of motion.

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35
Q

What is Newtons 2nd law of motion?

A

If a resultant force acts on an object then it will accelerate depending on its mass.

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36
Q

What is Newtons 2nd Law of motion defined mathematically as?

A

Force equals mass x acceleration

37
Q

What is Newtons 3rd law of motion?

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

38
Q

On earth g is?

A

10m/s2

39
Q

Weight equals?

A

Mass x gravity

40
Q

An object moving through a fluid such as air or oil experiences a friction force which opposes a movement IS CALLED?

A

Drag and in air, air resistance.

41
Q

If an object is falling does the weight change?

A

No, however the air resistance increases as the objects velocity increases.

42
Q

After dropping an object why does it accelerate downwards?

A

Because of its weight.

43
Q

What is meant by terminal velocity?

A

Where there is no resultant force and the object reaches a steady speed.

44
Q

Explain why this velocity (constant velocity) stays at a constant value?

A

The upward force balances the downward force - there is no resultant force- Newtons 1st law tells us that when there is no resultant force then an object will have a constant state of motion so the spacecraft will fall at a constant velocity. Newtons 2nd law tells us that the acceleration of an object is proportional to the force acting on it. Because the resultant force is x, the acceleration will be x.

45
Q

If a material obeys Hooke’s law then what happens?(eg. Graph and description)

A

It’s extension will be proportional to it’s length, up to a point (elastic limit) the graph of force vs extension will be a straight line and past the limit it’ll be curved.

46
Q

What does force applied equal? Give units

A

Spring constant(N/m) x extension (m)

47
Q

When we stretch a spring what does it store?

A

Elastic potential energy

48
Q

What is release when we remove the stretching force and what is that transformed into?

A

The elastic energy is released

And it’s either transformed into kinetic or thermal

49
Q

Elastic behaviour is the idea that?

A

Materials can recover their shape after the force is removed

50
Q

The distance a car travels before it stops depends upon?

A

The thinking distance and braking distance

51
Q

What is the thinking distance?

A

The distance the car travels between a driver noticing they need to stop them applying the brakes.

52
Q

What can the thinking distance be affected by?

A

Alcohol, drugs or tiredness

53
Q

What is the braking distance?

A

The distance travelled by the car once the brakes are applied before it comes to a stop.

54
Q

What affects the braking distance?

A

Road conditions eg. ice, age of brakes, wear on tyres, mass of car.

55
Q

What is the equation for momentum?

A

Momentum(kgm/s) = mass(kg) x velocity(m/s)

56
Q

What does the law of conservation of momentum state?

A

Momentum before event = Momentum after event

57
Q

What is meant by an elastic collision?

A

Where no kinetic energy is lost.

58
Q

What is meant by a partially elastic collision ?

A

Where some of the kinetic energy is lost in a collision.

59
Q

What is meant by an inelastic collision?

A

When two objects collide and stick together.

60
Q

Give another equation linking force with momentum

A

Force=change in momentum/time taken.

61
Q

Give an example of a way in which we can increase the time to decrease the force applied to a person. (Hint:car)

A

Crumple zones

62
Q

The centre of gravity of an object is the point at which what?

A

At which it’s mass may be assumed to be concentrated.

63
Q

What is a moment? And what does it depend on?

A

It’s the turning effect of a force

Depends on size of force and distance from pivot.

64
Q

How do you find the centre of gravity of a symmetrical object.

A

Draw lines of symmetry and where they meet is the COG

65
Q

What’s the equation to calculate a moment?

A

Moment (Nm)= force(N) x perpendicular distance from pivot (m)

66
Q

What can moments be?

A

Clockwise and anticlockwise

67
Q

In order for something to balance what needs to be equal?

A

Sum of anticlockwise moments= sum of clockwise moments

68
Q

Define a universe

A

Large collection of billions of galaxies

69
Q

What do these large galaxies contain?

A

Billions of stars

70
Q

What galaxy do we live in?

A

The Milky Way

71
Q

What are the solar system and galaxies held together by?

A

Gravity

72
Q

On earth what is the gravitational field strength?

A

10N/kg

73
Q

What is the gravitational field strength on the moon?

A

1.6N/kg

74
Q

What force cause the moon to orbit planets and planets to orbit the sun?

A

Gravity

75
Q

We consider the planets orbit around the sun to be?

A

Circular.

76
Q

Moons orbit planets and we consider their orbits to be?

A

Circular

77
Q

Comets orbit the sun but their orbits are?

A

Elliptical

78
Q

What’s the equation to work out orbital speed?

A

V=2xpiexorbital radius/time period

79
Q

When a comet is far away from the sun what energy do it have and doesn’t have much of?

A

Lots of GPE

not much KE

80
Q

What energy do comets lose when it travels closer to the sun?

A

GPE

81
Q

When we do work on an object we transfer what?

A

Energy

82
Q

What does work done(J) equal?

A

Force(N) x distance (m)

83
Q

When we do work against gravity what energy do we gain?

A

GPE

84
Q

Give the full equation for GPE

A

GPE(J)=mass(kg)x gravity(m/s2) x height(m)

GPE=mgh

85
Q

Kinetic energy is the energy of what?

A

Movement

86
Q

Give the equation for kinetic energy

A

KE(J) = 1/2 x m x v2

87
Q

Give the equation for power

A

P= E/t

88
Q

What happens to the GPE when an object falls?

A

It converts into KE

89
Q

Give the shortened version of kilogram and it’s use.

A

Kg

Mass

Physics (9 decks)

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