Year 10 Flashcards
Definition of a natural hazard
Natural hazards are extreme natural events that can cause loss of life, extreme damage to property and disrupt human activities.
Types of natural hazard
Earthquake,Drought,coastal flooding
Factors affecting hazard risks
An increase in the number of people vulnerable to the natural hazard
What is the outer layer of the earth called?
The outer layer of the earth is called the crust.
What do we call a piece of the earths crust?
A plate
Which type of plate boundary is caused when plates scrape past each other
A conservative plate boundar.
Which piece of equipment is used to record the power of earthquakes?
A seismometer
Describe the main location of tropical storms across the world?
Tropical storms are mainly located in narrow band along the equator and extending to the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
What temperature does the sea need to reach for a tropical storm to form?
Above 26.5c/27c
What were the immediate impacts of Typhoon Haiyan?
Typhoon Haiyan damaged 1.1 million houses, destroyed 33 million coconut trees (a major source of livelihoods), and disrupted the livelihoods of 5.9 million workers. Overall damage is estimated at $5.8 billion. More than 7,000 people were killed by Typhoon Haiyan.1.9 million people were left homeless and more than 6,000,000 displaced. There were outbreaks of disease due to the lack of sanitation, food, water, shelter, and medication
What is the difference between the greenhouse effect and global warming?
The greenhouse is a naturally occurring process which ensures the earth is kept at a temperature which supports life. Global warming is a man-made environmental issue primarily caused by the increase of greenhouse gases caused by the burning of fossil fuels.
Which four gases are most responsible for global warming?
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrous Oxide
CFC gases
True or false
Britain’s weather is getting more extreme?
True
What were the causes of the extreme weather event known as ‘the beast from the East’?
Sudden stratospheric warming which brought very cold air from the east (Siberia). This coincided with Storm Emma which brought warm moist air from the south-west.
Wha is the difference between mitigation and adaptation in relation to climate change?
Mitigation is actions which seek to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases produced. Adaptation is learning how to cope with the changes to our climate.
What are the 2 major effects of climate change?
Sea level rise
Ice-caps melting
More extreme weather
True or false
Carbon dioxide is the most prevalent greenhouse gas.
True
What is the term for where a river begins?
The source
What is the term for where 2 rivers meet?
A confluence
4 processes of erosion that take place in a river
Corrosion
Solution
Abrasion
Hydraulic action
4 processes by which a river can transport material
Saltation, Traction, Suspension, solution
What is the thalweg on a river?
The fastest flow
Does water flow faster on the inside or outside of a meander?
Outside bend
What is the name given to the point where the land meets the sea?
Coast
What is the difference between a destructive and constructive wave?
Destructive waves are high, have a powerful backwash and weak swash. They mostly occur in winter. Constructive waves are lower, have a strong swash, weak backwash and mostly occur in the summer.
What is the name of the process by which waves move material along a beach?
Longshore drift
What is a discordant coastline?
Where the alternating bands of hard and soft rock at right angles to the coastline
What are the main landforms created by the sea at a discordant coastline?
Headlands
Bays
Crack
Cave
Arch
Stack
Stump
What is the difference between hard and soft engineering when defending a coastline from erosion?
Hard engineering uses man-made structures to defend against the sea (sea wall, gabions, groynes etc). Soft-engineering works with the coasts natural processes.
What is an ecosystem?
A community of plants and animals living interdependently with biotic and abiotic factors.
What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors?
Biotic factors are living things (plants, animals, insect), abiotic are not (climate, rainfall, temperature)
What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
A food chain is linear, a food web shows all linkages in an ecosystem and is more complex
What is a primary consumer?
Something that derives its energy from the source – plants/vegetation.
Describe the location of the earth’s remaining rainforests.
Rainforest can be found along the equator, and between the tropics of cancer and Capricorn. They can be found in Brazil, Congo Basin, Indonesia etc
Where does the word ‘tundra’ get its name from?
The word tundra comes from the Finnish word ‘tunturia’ meaning treeless land.
What is permafrost and what challenges does it cause in cold environments like Alaska?
Permafrost is permanently or semi-permanently frozen ground. The problems caused are that in some areas, and with the impact of climate change, the upper layer can thaw in the short summer months. This means that any structures built on this layer can sink into the thawed ground
