Year 1 stuff Flashcards
Ideal gas equation
pV = nRT
Empirical Formula
The simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element in the compound
Molecular Formula
The actual number of atoms of each element in the atom
Percentage Yield
how much wasteful product produced
Percentage yield = actual yield/ theoretical yield
Atom economy
Measure of proportion of reactant atoms that become the desired products in a balanced chemical reaction.
% atom economy = Mr of desired product / Mr of total reactants
high atom economy social and environmental advantage
Less expensive. Spent less on treating waste product and separating reactant with desired product
Less waste produced
More sustainable. Makes more efficient use out of raw materials
Valence-shell Electron-pair Repulsion Theory
Valance shell electrons repel as far apart as possible to minimise repulsion
Sizes of repulsion of electron bonding pairs
Lone pair- lone pair electrons repel the most
Lone pair- bond pair repel second largest
Bond pair- bond pair repel the least
Ionic bonding
Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a lattice
Covalent bond
Shared pair of electrons between non-metal atoms
Co-ordinate bond
Shared pair of electrons with both electrons supplied by one atom
Metallic bonding
Electrostatic attraction between positive ions and sea of delocalised electrons in lattice.
Electronegativity
The ability to attract a pair of electrons in a covalent bond
Permanent dipole
Caused by difference in electronegativity between atoms
dipole
Uneven distribution of electron density creates a difference in charge between the atoms
