Year 1 Stats Chapter 1- Data Collection Flashcards

1
Q

list of large data set locations

A
Leuchars - east coast of Scotland
Leeming - (Leeds) north England inland
Heathrow - inland London
Hurn - (southampton) south coast
Camborne - (Cornwall) west coast, highest above sea level
Jacksonville - (Florida) east coast of USA (NH)
Beijing - eastern China near coast (NH)
Perth - west coast of Australia (SH)
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2
Q

what is daily mean wind direction and windspeed measured in

A

direction: bearing or compass
speed: knots and Beaufort scale (1kn = 1.15mph)

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3
Q

daily maximum gust units

A

knots

includes direction from which maximum gust blowing was recorded

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4
Q

daily maximum relative humidities units

A

a % of air saturation with water vapour

above 95% is misty and foggy

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5
Q

what is trace in daily total rainfall

A

amounts less than 0.05 mm (tr)

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6
Q

daily mean cloud cover units

A

oktas

eights of the sky converted by cloud

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7
Q

daily mean visibility units

A

decametres (dm)

greatest horizontal distance an object can be seen in daylight

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8
Q

daily mean pressure units

A

measured in hectopascals

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9
Q

daily mean pressure units

A

measured in hectopascals

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10
Q

daily total sunshine units

A

recorded to the nearest tenth of an hour

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11
Q

census

A

data sets from every member of a population

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12
Q

sample

A

a selection of data sets from a subset of a population

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13
Q

population

A

whole set of items that are of interest

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14
Q

less common disadvantages of census

A
  • can’t be used if testing process destroys items (e.g. testing the ripeness of fruit by cutting it in half)
  • not possible if population is always changing (can’t obtain accurate sampling frame)
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15
Q

less common disadvantage of sampling

A

sample may not be large enough to give information about small minorities in the subset of the population

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16
Q

sampling units

A

individual units of a population

17
Q

sampling frame

A

list of all the sampling units, named and numbered

18
Q

define parameter

A

number used to describe the population

19
Q

test statistic

A

a number generated through calculation of sampling results

20
Q

what is random sampling

examples

A

every unit of population has equal chance of being selected

  • simple random
  • systematic
  • stratified
21
Q

what is stratified sampling

A
  • population is split into mutually exclusive strata and a representative random sample is taken
  • with the same proportion of each strata in the population, present in the sample
22
Q

less common advantage and disadvantages of stratified sampling

A

advantage
- accurate reflection of population structure

disadvantage

  • may not be account for minorities within strata
  • must have clearly classified strata for objective results
23
Q

formula to find stratum within a population

A

no. of members in strata
————————————- x sample size
total population

24
Q

what is non random sampling

A

every member of population does not have an equal chance of being selected

  • opportunity
  • quota
25
Q

what is quota sampling

A
  • population split into strata, and the size of each strata in the sample is in proportion to their size in the population (same as stratified…. THE DIFFERENCE⬇)
  • an interviewer meets people, assess their strata and allocates them to the appropriate quota
  • once a quota is filled out, no more people from this strata are interviewed
26
Q

advantages and disadvantages of quota sampling

A

advantages

  • no sampling frame needed
  • can compare different groups easily

disadvantages

  • *- non-random as interviewer chooses who to interview
  • non responses aren’t recorded
  • splitting population into strata may be time consuming or inaccurate
27
Q

define continuous and discrete data

A

continuous- can take any value in a given range (measure it)

discrete- can only take specific values in a given range
(count it)