Year 1: Intro to Neoplasia Flashcards
1
Q
Define hyperplasia?
A
- increased in number of cells
- BPH
2
Q
Define metaplasia?
A
- normal cell layer replaced by different cell type not usually found in that location
- Barrett’s oesophagus
- GORD
3
Q
Define dysplasia?
A
- irreversible, morphological atypia
- CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia)
4
Q
Define carcinoma in situ?
A
- invasive potential, irreversible
- may result in formation of malignant tumour
5
Q
What is the name of a benign and malignant squamous epithelial tumour?
A
Benign - papilloma
Malignant - squamous cell carcinoma
6
Q
What is the name of a benign and malignant glandular epithelial tumour?
A
Benign - adenoma
Malignant - adenocarcinoma
7
Q
What is the name of a benign and malignant muscle tumour?
A
Benign - myoma
Malignant - myosarcoma
8
Q
What are the differences between benign and malignant tumours?
A
- indolent vs. aggressive
- well circumscribed vs. irregular
- homogenous colour vs. irregular
- no necrosis vs. necrosis
- no haemorrhage vs. haemorrhage
- well differentiated vs. atypical morphology
- rare anaplasia vs. poor differentiated
- low mitotic activity vs. high
- absent lymphovascular invasion vs. present
9
Q
What is grading?
A
- appearance of a cancer
