Year 1 Definitions And Laws Flashcards
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses
Relative isotopic mass
Mass of an isotope compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Relative atomic mass
Weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Amount of substance
Number of particles in a substance, measured in miles
Mol
The unit for amount of substance
Avogadro Constance
The number of particles per mol
6.02 x 10^23 mol^-1
Molar mass
Mass in grams per mole of a substance
Units g mol^-1
Molar gas volume
The volume of 1 mole of a gas
Units - dm^3 mol ^ -1
Empirical formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
Molecular formula
The number of atoms of each element in a molecule
Anhydrous
Contains no water of crystallisation
Hydrated
Contains water molecules (water of crystallisation) as part of the crystalline structure
Water of crystallisation
The water molecules contained within a crystalline structure
Ideal gas equation
pV = nRT
Atom economy
Mr of useful products/sum of mr of all products x100
Oxidation
Loss of electrons
Increase in oxidation number
Reduction
Gain of electrons
Decrease in oxidation number
Atomic orbital
Region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spin
Ionic bonding
The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
Covalent bonding
The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
Electronegativity
The ability of an atom to attract the bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond
