year 1 definitions Flashcards

(42 cards)

1
Q

what is an isotope

A

an atom of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses

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2
Q

what is relative isotopic mass

A

mass compared with 1/12th mass of carbon-12

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3
Q

what is relative atomic mass

A

weighted mean mass compared with 1/12th mass of carbon-12

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4
Q

what is molar mass

A

mass per mole (g/mol)

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5
Q

what is molar gas volume

A

gas volume per mole (dm3/mol

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6
Q

what is the empirical formula

A

simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

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7
Q

what is molecular formula

A

number and type of atoms of each element in a molecule

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8
Q

what are the units for concentration

A

mol/dm3 and g/dm3

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9
Q

what is the ideal gas equation

A

pV=nRT

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10
Q

what is the percentage yield of a reaction

A

actual yield/theoretical yield x 100

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11
Q

what is the atom economy of a reaction

A

Mr of desired product/Mr of total products x 100

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12
Q

what are the benefits for sustainability of reactions with high atom economy

A

less waste products are produced and they make the best use of natural resources

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13
Q

what is an acid

A

a substance that releases H+ ions in aq solution

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14
Q

what is an alkali

A

a substance that releases OH- ions in aq solution

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15
Q

what is a weak acid

A

an acid that partially dissociates in aqueous solution

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16
Q

what is a strong acid

A

an acid that completely dissociates in aq solution

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17
Q

what does the reaction between an acid and a base form

18
Q

what does an acid and a metal form

A

salt and hydrogen

19
Q

what is an atomic orbital

A

a region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins

20
Q

what is ionic bonding

A

electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

21
Q

what is a covalent bond

A

strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

22
Q

what is a dative covalent bond

A

a shared pair of electrons in which both electrons come from the same atom

23
Q

what is average bond enthalpy

A

a measurement of covalent bond strength

24
Q

what is electronegativity

A

the ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

25
what is a permanent dipole
weak intermolecular forces of attraction that arise between permanently polar molecules
26
what is a polar bond
a bond formed when a shared pair of electrons are not shared equally
27
what is hydrogen bonding
intermolecular bonding between molecules containing N, O, or F and the H atom of -NH, -OH, or HF
28
explain the solid structures of simple molecular lattices
covalently bonded molecules attracted by intermolecular forces
29
what are the 3 ways the periodic table is organised
- increasing atomic number - in periods showing repeating trends in physical and chemical properties - in groups with similar chemical properties
30
what is 1st ionisation energy
removal of 1 mol of electrons from 1 mol of gaseous atoms
31
what is metallic bonding
strong electrostatic attraction between cations and delocalised electrons
32
what is a giant metallic lattice structure
positive ions arranged in regular layers, with delocalised electrons free to move throughout the structure
33
what can calcium hydroxide be used for
to neutralise acidic soils in agriculture
34
what can Mg(OH)2 and CaCO3 be used for
antacids to treat indigestion
35
what is disproportionation
oxidation and reduction of the same element in a reaction
36
what are the benefits of using chlorine to treat water
killing bacteria
37
what are the risks of using chlorine to treat water
- chlorine is a respiratory irritant - can react with organic hydrocarbons such as methane to form chlorinated hydrocarbons which are thought to cause cancer
38
what is the activation energy
minimum energy required for a reaction to take place
39
what is the enthalpy change of reaction
enthalpy change associated with a stated equation
40
what is the enthalpy change of formation
formation of 1 mol of a compound from its elements
41
what is the enthalpy change of combustion
complete combustion of 1 mol of a substance
42
what is the enthalpy change of neutralisation
formation of 1 mol of water from neutralisation