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Chemistry > year 1 definitions > Flashcards

year 1 definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an isotope

A

an atom of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses

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2
Q

what is relative isotopic mass

A

mass compared with 1/12th mass of carbon-12

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3
Q

what is relative atomic mass

A

weighted mean mass compared with 1/12th mass of carbon-12

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4
Q

what is molar mass

A

mass per mole (g/mol)

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5
Q

what is molar gas volume

A

gas volume per mole (dm3/mol

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6
Q

what is the empirical formula

A

simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

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7
Q

what is molecular formula

A

number and type of atoms of each element in a molecule

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8
Q

what are the units for concentration

A

mol/dm3 and g/dm3

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9
Q

what is the ideal gas equation

A

pV=nRT

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10
Q

what is the percentage yield of a reaction

A

actual yield/theoretical yield x 100

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11
Q

what is the atom economy of a reaction

A

Mr of desired product/Mr of total products x 100

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12
Q

what are the benefits for sustainability of reactions with high atom economy

A

less waste products are produced and they make the best use of natural resources

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13
Q

what is an acid

A

a substance that releases H+ ions in aq solution

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14
Q

what is an alkali

A

a substance that releases OH- ions in aq solution

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15
Q

what is a weak acid

A

an acid that partially dissociates in aqueous solution

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16
Q

what is a strong acid

A

an acid that completely dissociates in aq solution

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17
Q

what does the reaction between an acid and a base form

A

salts

18
Q

what does an acid and a metal form

A

salt and hydrogen

19
Q

what is an atomic orbital

A

a region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins

20
Q

what is ionic bonding

A

electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

21
Q

what is a covalent bond

A

strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

22
Q

what is a dative covalent bond

A

a shared pair of electrons in which both electrons come from the same atom

23
Q

what is average bond enthalpy

A

a measurement of covalent bond strength

24
Q

what is electronegativity

A

the ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

25
Q

what is a permanent dipole

A

weak intermolecular forces of attraction that arise between permanently polar molecules

26
Q

what is a polar bond

A

a bond formed when a shared pair of electrons are not shared equally

27
Q

what is hydrogen bonding

A

intermolecular bonding between molecules containing N, O, or F and the H atom of -NH, -OH, or HF

28
Q

explain the solid structures of simple molecular lattices

A

covalently bonded molecules attracted by intermolecular forces

29
Q

what are the 3 ways the periodic table is organised

A
  • increasing atomic number
  • in periods showing repeating trends in physical and chemical properties
  • in groups with similar chemical properties
30
Q

what is 1st ionisation energy

A

removal of 1 mol of electrons from 1 mol of gaseous atoms

31
Q

what is metallic bonding

A

strong electrostatic attraction between cations and delocalised electrons

32
Q

what is a giant metallic lattice structure

A

positive ions arranged in regular layers, with delocalised electrons free to move throughout the structure

33
Q

what can calcium hydroxide be used for

A

to neutralise acidic soils in agriculture

34
Q

what can Mg(OH)2 and CaCO3 be used for

A

antacids to treat indigestion

35
Q

what is disproportionation

A

oxidation and reduction of the same element in a reaction

36
Q

what are the benefits of using chlorine to treat water

A

killing bacteria

37
Q

what are the risks of using chlorine to treat water

A
  • chlorine is a respiratory irritant
  • can react with organic hydrocarbons such as methane to form chlorinated hydrocarbons which are thought to cause cancer
38
Q

what is the activation energy

A

minimum energy required for a reaction to take place

39
Q

what is the enthalpy change of reaction

A

enthalpy change associated with a stated equation

40
Q

what is the enthalpy change of formation

A

formation of 1 mol of a compound from its elements

41
Q

what is the enthalpy change of combustion

A

complete combustion of 1 mol of a substance

42
Q

what is the enthalpy change of neutralisation

A

formation of 1 mol of water from neutralisation

Chemistry (9 decks)

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