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Buzzwords > Year 1 buzzwords > Flashcards

Year 1 buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

Stony dull to percussion

A

Pleural effusion

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2
Q

Right-sided pleuritic chest pain

A

Pneumonia

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3
Q

Alveolar Bat’s Wings, Kerley B lines, Cardiomegaly, Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, Pleural Effusion

A

Pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

Ground glass appearance on X-ray

A

Pulmonary fibrosis and RDS of the newborn

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5
Q

Ziehl-Nielson positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

TB

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7
Q

Apical disease

A

(most likely TB; apical lesion Assmann focus)

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8
Q

Miliary Tuberculosis

A

Spread of organism into bloodstream - if into pulmonary artery it spreads into the lungs, if in pulmonary vein it spreads to liver, spleen, kidneys

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9
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s Syndrome

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10
Q

Chest infection with bird as pet

A

Chlamydophilia psittaci

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11
Q

Dry cough & diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some water involved

A

Legionella pneumophilia (test for urinary antigen)

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12
Q

“Tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana”

A

Pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

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13
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphademopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis, weight loss

A

Sarcoidosis

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14
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole on CT (AKA Signet Ring sign)

A

Bronchiectasis

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15
Q

“D-sign on Xray”

A

Empyema

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16
Q

“Steeple sign” on X-ray

A

Croup / laryngotracheobronchitis

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17
Q

Child with barking cough

A

Croup

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18
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV (treat with co-trimoxazole, and prednisolone if severe)

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19
Q

Asthma + Nasal Polyps + Salicylate Sensitivity

A

Samter’s Triad

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20
Q

Alcoholic in danger of aspiration pneumonia - likely organism?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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21
Q

Mucoid sputum

A

Chlamydia psittaci

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22
Q

Rusty sputum

A

Pneumoccoccal pneumonia

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23
Q

Cannonball metastases and haematuria

A

Primary renal cell cancer

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24
Q

Morning headache cause

A

Hypercapnia or nitrate side effects

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25
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

Small cell carcinoma

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26
Q

PTH secreting lung tumour

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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27
Q

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

Sarcoidosis

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28
Q

Eggshell calcification at hilar regions

A

Silicosis

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29
Q

“Heart failure cells” in alveolar spaces

A

Macrophages absorbed haemosiderin found in pulmonary oedema secondary to left ventricular failure

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30
Q

Ghon focus

A

Tuberculosis

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31
Q

Coin lesion on CXR

A

Primary bronchial or lung carcinoma

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32
Q

Ptosis, enopthalmos, miosis and lack of sweating on ipsilateral side of sweating

A

Horner’s Syndrome / Pancoast’s tumour

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33
Q

Thumbprint sign on X-ray

A

Epiglossitis

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34
Q

Inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

Pertussis

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35
Q

Snow storm appearance on X-ray

A

Baritosis, silicosi

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36
Q

Management of infective COPD exacerbation

A

iSOAP (ipratropium, salbutamol, oxygen, amoxicillin, prednisolone)

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37
Q

Non smoker + lung cancer likely cancer type

A

Adenocarcinoma

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38
Q

Diagnose of PE with

A

High DDIMER, CTPA or VQ scan

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39
Q

Treatment of large PE

A

thrombolysis

40
Q

Treatment of small PE

A

LMWH

41
Q

Sheep dust or farmer

A

C. burnetti

42
Q

Patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain relieved by sitting forward

A

Pericarditis

43
Q

Irregularly irregular pulse

A

Atrial fibrillation

44
Q

Saw-tooth baseline + 150bpm on ECG

A

Atrial flutter

45
Q

Raised JVP/hepatojugular reflex?

A

Right sided heart failrue

46
Q

Sense of impending doom

A

MI

47
Q

Broad complex tachycardia origin

A

Ventricular

48
Q

Mid-diastolic murmur with tapping, undisplaced apex

A

Mitral stenosis

49
Q

Broad QRS with slurred upstrokes + delta waves

A

W.P.W

50
Q

Pericarditis 4-6 weeks following MI

A

Dressler’s Syndrome

51
Q

Blurred yellowed vision headache

A

Digoxin toxicity

52
Q

Janeway Lesions/Osler’s Nodes

A

Subacute infective endocarditis

53
Q

Continuous machine like heart murmur

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

54
Q

Rib notching on CXR

A

Coarctation of the aorta

55
Q

Crescendo decresendo murmur

A

Aortic stenosis

56
Q

Diminished or absent lower limb pulses

A

Coartation of aorta

57
Q

MRS ASS

A

Mitral Regurgitation Systolic, Aortic Stenosis Systolic

58
Q

Side effects / contraindication of ACEi?

A

Cough, contraindicated in renal artery stenosis1

59
Q

Vesicular rash + weight loss

A

Coeliac Disease

60
Q

Tinkling bowel sounds

A

Bowel obstruction

61
Q

Rectum Sparing

A

CD

62
Q

Continuous colonic disease

A

UC

63
Q

Lead pipe appearance of the colon

A

UC

64
Q

Cobble stoning

A

CD

65
Q

Skip lesions

A

CD

66
Q

Crypt abscesses

A

UC

67
Q

Urea breath test

A

H. pylori

68
Q

C14 breath test

A

Bacterial overload

69
Q

Rice-water like stools

A

Vibrio cholera

70
Q

Presence of anti-mitochondrial antibodies

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

71
Q

Presence of anti-smooth muscle antibodies

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

72
Q

Alpha-feto protein assay is used to diagnose

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

73
Q

Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow

A

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

74
Q

Diuretic for ascites

A

Spironolactone

75
Q

Severe abdominal pain + D&V after raw milk

A

Campylobacter

76
Q

Russell’s Sign

A

Self-induced vomiting

77
Q

Mallory’s Hyaline Bodies indicate

A

Alcoholic liver disease

78
Q

Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts

A

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

79
Q

BREAST CA expanded

A 
Causes of pulmonary fibrosis:
Bleomycin
Radiation
Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis
Ankylosing Sponydyltis
Sarcoidosis
Tuberculosis
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (AKA idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis)
Asbestosis
80
Q

AP x-rays are usually

A

Portable (A Portable X-ray)

81
Q

TB drug mnemonic

A

2 RIPE 4 RI

82
Q

DRS ABCDE expanded

A

Danger, Response, Shout for help, Airways, Breathing, Circulation, Disabiltiy, Exposure

83
Q

SEPSIS 6 bundle

A 
Take 3 give 3. Give: 
-Oxygen
-IV fluids
-IV antibiotics
Take: 
-Blood cultures
-Blood test (lactate)
-Urine output
84
Q

Adrenal cortex layer and secretions mnemonic

A

Go Find Rex, Make Good Sex.
Glomerulosa Mineralocorticoids.
Fasciculata Glucocorticoids.
Reticularis Sex hormones.

85
Q

Acute Limb Ischaemia Ps

A

Pale, Pulseless, Painful, Paralysed, Parasthestic, Perishingly Cold

86
Q

ALT or AST is more specific to liver damage?

A

ALT

87
Q

6 causes of abdominal distension

A

Fat, Foetus, Flatus, Fluid, Faeces, Fucking big mass

88
Q

CAP CURB 0-2 antibiotic of choice

A

Amoxicillin (or doxy if allergic)

89
Q

CAP CURB >3 antibiotic of choice

A

IV co-amoxiclav + IV clarithromycin

90
Q

C. difficile mild infection antibiotic of choice

A

Metronidazole

91
Q

Severe C. difficile infection antibiotic of choice

A

Oral vancomycin

92
Q

Legionnaire’s Disease antibiotic of choice

A

Erythromycin

93
Q

Pneumocystis carinii antibiotic of choice

A

Co-trimoxazole

94
Q

Parasympathetic innervation comes from which nerves

A

III, VII, IX, X

95
Q

Sympathetic outflow comes between which vertebra?

A

T1-L2

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