Year 1 Flashcards
List four aspects of lifestyle you MAY cover in a consultation with ANY patient when giving advice to promote a healthier lifestyle. (4 marks)
- Diet
- Exercise
- Alcohol
- Smoking
- Illicit drug use
- Sexual health
List four other aspects of health which are likely to be worse for children (of all ages) living in the most deprived areas compared to those living in the least deprived areas.
Drug and Alcohol abuse
Smoking
Diet/Obesity
Respiratory health
Low birth weight
Higher rates of hospital admission, all causes
Higher teenage pregnancy
Dental health
Greater risk if infant mortality and disease
Less likely to benefit from programs to prevent and improve health - immunisation, diet etc
List recognised risks to foetal well-being.
Alcohol during pregnancy
Drug use in pregnancy - illicit and prescription eg. ACEi
Smoking
Maternal Diabetes, Hypertension, epilepsy
Poor diet during pregnancy, particularly folic acid deficiency, soft cheese, pate, canned tuna
Infectious disease - Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes
teratogen exposure eg. x rays
List factors that motivate individuals to change behaviours eg. stop illicit drug use, lose weight if obese, drinking during pregnancy etc
Self belief in ability to change behaviour, perceive benefits to outweigh the sacrifice
Changes in behaviour being in line with their perception of a better self i.e. being good mother etc.
anticipation of Positive social reaction eg. from family and society in general
Negative social pressure/response from family etc if behaviour was to continue eg. drinking during pregnancy is widely seen as unacceptable
WHO definition of health
A complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing, not just the absence of disease of infirmity
Give a definition of culture
A complex system of morals, ideas, beliefs, arts, customs and laws that underlie and are expressed in the way that a society lives
List factors that influence lay peoples views of health and give examples of how these factors influence their views of health
Age - older people view health more concerning functional ability, whilst younger people view it more as the absence of disease and physical health i.e. strength and fitness
Social class - people of less affluent social class are more likely to view health as how it impacts their functional ability i.e. their employment. More wealthy people especially women are more likely to have a more holistic view
Cultural norms - differences concerning what is considered healthy in cultures and attitudes to disease and its treatment eg. high blood pressure is considered normal in some cultures.
Gender - men less likely to seek treatment, functional vs holistic view etc.
List actions the government could take to promote health in communities
- Health education-diet and exercise
- Tax on unhealthy foods, “fat tax”
- Legislation-proper labelling, lists of ingredients/food content
- Enforcement of legislation
- Ban on advertising unhealthy food
- Improve exercise/sport facilities
- Subsidise healthy food
- Transport policy e.g. cycle lanes
- Funding of NHS treatment for obesity e.g. specialist clinics, bariatric surgery
List potential difficulties which may arise when consulting with a patient from a different culture.
Communication difficulties - language, eye contact etc
Racism/Sectarianism
Cultural differences in views of health and disease and lack of knowledge of these differences
Distrust of doctors of different cultural
Differing beliefs on medicine eg. herbal/”ancient” medicine shite
Stereotyping/Bias towards different ethnicities
Cultural problems regarding gender difference between doctor and patient.
Religous/cultural taboos eg. examination, blood transfusion
Patient may not be entitled to use healthcare system.
List routes that somebody could be exposed to a hazardous substance
ingestion
inhalation
direct skin contact
Contact of bodily fluids i.e. sexual contact
List categories of hazard and examples of each
Physical - heat, noise, radiation
Mechanical - falling, machinery, trauma
Chemical - harsh chemicals in cleaners, laboratories etc
Biological - Disease from patients/Colleagues, Biohazard at work etc
Psychological/Stress - high pressure work, deadlines/exams, PTSD
List types of neonatal screening
Guthrie for PKU, CF Sweat test for CF Echo for congenital heart defects Genetic testing for Downs Ghent criteria
List common reasons for children of any age to see their GP/Health visitor
Fever Vomiting Diarrhoea Rash Feeding problems URTI's LRTI's Anxiety about development milestones Behavioural problems
List social influences on health
Social class Housing Transport Gender Ethnicity Health system i.e. public vs paying
Define a gatekeeper in a healthcare system
A person responsible for triaging patients and controlling access to specialist care
