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Prescription Questions > Year 1 > Flashcards

Year 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an FP10

A

Green prescription forms complete ld by prescribers in PRIMARY CARE SETTINGS. Occasionally other providers like hospital clinics and other specialist services can use FP10s

Completed ELECTRONICALLY

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2
Q

What is the minimum info required for a legal prescription for a non controlled drug

A
  • Prescribers signature (initials, forenames, surnames)
  • Prescribers address (practice address)
  • Date (next to signature)
  • Patients details (name and address - if under 12 age and date of birth may be required)
  • The name of the drug / preparation
  • Dose and frequency / strength and quantity
  • Quantity supplied should be specified
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3
Q

What does the patient do with an FP10 and what payment is made

A

Can be taken to any pharmacy England to be dispensed
As of May 2024 charge = £9.90 unless patient is exempt - charge is per item not per prescription
Some items are free of charge (contraceptives)

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4
Q

Which patients are eligible for free prescriptions

A
  • <16 or >60
  • <18 and in full time education
  • Preganant or had a baby in previous 12 months with MatEx
  • Valid war pension
  • NHS inpatients
  • Receiving certain benefits
  • People with Cancer
  • Permanent fistula
  • Hypoadrenalism
  • Diabetes
  • Hypoparathyroidism
  • Myasthenia Gravis
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Epilepsy
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5
Q

Patients who take several regular medications can be liable for large prescription charges. What can be done to keep these costs to a minimum

A

Patients can apply for prepayment certificates
Prescriber can prescribe combined medication
If drug is for long term use at a steady dose- the prescriber can consider giving larger amounts with each prescription- can lead to wastage
Regular medication reviews

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6
Q

BD

A

Twice daily

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7
Q

PRN

A

When required

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8
Q

ON

A

Every night

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9
Q

QDS

A

4 times daily

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10
Q

OD

A

Every day

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11
Q

STAT

A

Immediately

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12
Q

OM

A

Every morning

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13
Q

TDS

A

3 times daily

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14
Q

What is the difference between a drug and a medicine

A

Drug = chemical that interacts with targets in the body to produce a therapeutic effect

Medicine = packages the drug in a formulation that can be administered or taken by the patient. Medicines often have multiple ingredients in addition to the drug itself

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15
Q

GSL

A

General sales list

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16
Q

P

A

Pharmacy medicine

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17
Q

POM

A

Prescription only medicine

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18
Q

Where can a patient obtain GSL, P and POM

A

GSL = medicines that can be bought in a shop (supermarket, corner shops, garage) or via an online shop

P = medicines that can be purchased from a pharmacy under supervision of a pharmacist

POM = MUST BE PRESCRIBED BY A PRESCRIBER - dispensed by a pharmacy or dispensing practice

19
Q

Which healthcare professionals are legally able to prescribe medicines

A

Doctors

Nurses, midwives, pharmacists, physiotherapists, paramedics, podiatrists and optometrists can in only their own area of competence after undertaking additional training

20
Q

What is meant by route administration

A

The path of a medicine into the body and to the desired site of action

21
Q

What is the difference between local and systemic drug administration

A

Local = drug is applied to or DIRECTLY DELIVERED to the site of action. e.g. antibiotic eye drop

Systemic = a drug is delivered DIRECTLY into or absorbed by the SYSTEMIC circulation. The drugs are widely spread and distributed and so are MORE EFFECTIVE but have MORE SIDE EFFECTS

22
Q

What is a drug formulation

A

Process of combining the active pharmaceutical substance with other materials to produce a product that will deliver the required dose to the patient

23
Q

List the routes that nitrate drugs can be given for patients with angina

A

Sublingual
Transdermal
Oral
IV

24
Q

How can the prescribing of medicines negatively impact the environment

A

Manufacturing requires energy, raw materials and sig. amounts of plastic packaging. Transport has emissions of greenhouse gases

Manufacturing produces waste they contaminate rivers and waterways

Packaging involves plastic materials which cannot be reused and difficult to recycle

25
List 3 ways that prescribers can reduce their environmental impact in relation to the prescribing of medicines in their patients
- Reducing over prescribing / medicines waste - Deprescribing = regularly review patients prescribed medicines to identify items no longer clinically indicated - Prescribing treatment choices with lower environmental impact - Non pharmacological interventions - Medicine disposal
26
Why are pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) more harmful to the environment compared to other inhaled devices
pMDIs use a propellant gas to deliver the drug into the lungs. The gases are potent greenhouse gases (HFA) Alternative inhaler devices have much lower carbon footprints.
27
What steps can prescribers take to minimise the carbon footprint for a patient on inhalers for asthma or COPD
Switch to dry powder or soft mist inhalers where possible Review inhaler technique and if needed switch to an alternative device to optimise treatment efficacy / effectiveness
28
What non pharmacological interventions can a GP make in the management of a patients condition
-referral to other healthcare services -provision of lifestyle advice -social prescribing -signposting to other services for support for non health related problems
29
List 3 potential benefits of a non pharmacological interventions compared to to prescribing a medicine
They can be more effective than drug treatments - non pharmacological interventions avoid the risk of side effects form medicine and reduces poly pharmacy -non pharmacological interventions will often have a reduced risk enviromental impact compared to drug treatment - benefits for patients may be wider than helping with the specific complaint they have presented with
30
Suggest 3 barriers to the use of non pharmacological interventions
Patients often have expectations that they will be prescribed a medicine that will make them better Health inequalities is an sig barrier to successfully using non pharmacological approaches. Access to services can be a barrier There can be a long waiting list time to access services Lots of location variation in terms of what services are available
31
A controlled drug / CD is a drug in Schedule 1,2,3,4,5 of the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001. Sometimes CDs are called ‘controlled medicines’ in patient information materials Why might a drug be classified as CD
- If it has the potential to be misused - If it has the potential to cause harm and or be obtained illegally - Subject to strict controls regarding their possession, supply and prescribing CD restrictions aim to protect individual patients and the wider public from the potentially harmful medicines and limit the potential for criminality
32
Give examples of CDs in each of the 5 schedules
1 = Hallucinogenic drugs (LSD, cannabis). CANNOT BE USED FOR MEDICINAL PURPOSES 2 = Morphine, fentanyl, diamorphine. CAN BE USED FOR MEDICINAL PURPOSES 3 = Tenezepam, tramadol. CAN BE USED FOR MEDICINAL PURPOSES 4 = Diazepam, lorazepam, zopiclone. CAN BE USED FOR MEDICINAL PURPOSES 5 = Codeine, low strength morphine, NO. CAN BE USED FOR MEDICINAL PURPOSES
33
List the prescription requirements for a Schedule 2 or 3 CD
- Patient name and address - Formulation of the preparation where applicable, the strength - The total quantity to be supplied - The quantity supplied should not exceed 30 days -Prescriptions for schedule 2 and 3 CDs are valid for 28 days
34
Outline the roles of MHRA and NICE for newly developed medicines that have been through clinical trials to be made available for prescribing to patients in the NHS
- Once a new drug has completed 3 stages of clinical trials, the MHRA decides if it can be marketed and sold in the UK -The manufacturer will apply to the MHRA for a product license. The MHRA will then assess the medicine for safety, efficacy and quality of manufacture. If approved the MHRA will decide on the classification as GSL, P, POM -NICE assesses he efficacy of new drugs and products to identify those which provide high quality care with beneficial outcomes within the available NHS budgets -NICE will make a new drug available through the NHS if the befits justify the cost. Once NICE approved, NHS care providers can start using treatments in their patients
35
Outline 3 benefits of drug formulary use within healthcare providers
- Cost effective prescribing - Antibiotic stewardship - Flexibility with respect to local services - Restricted use - Responding to medicines safety incidents
36
What resources might patient use to find out more about their medicines
- Healthcare services: GP practice team, community pharmacy, secondary care - Patient information leaflet: supplied with medication by the manufacturer - Internet: reputable and reliable resource, unreliable sources, non-UK sources, forums, social media - Family and friends
37
When initiating a new medication, what info should a patient be made aware of
- What the medication is for - Expected duration of treatment - What the benefits are - What the risks are - How to take - Required monitoring - When to seek advice
38
Suggest 3 methods that can be used to provide reliable info to patients about their medicines
- Verbal - Written paper info - Drug manufacturer / Patient info leaflet - Referral to reputable websites
39
What is meant by medicine adherence
NICE defines it as = the extent to which the patient's action matches the agreed recomendations
40
Why might a patient not take their medication as directed by the prescriber
Unintentional reasons: - Poor recall - Inability to pay - Limited dexterity - Forgetting to take Intentional reasons: - Concerns about side effects / lack of benefits - Belief that their condition does not require regular medication - Mistrust in the healthcare system
41
What are the consequences of poor medicine adherence
Patient = suboptimal treatment of condition Healthcare system = Increased patient activity and demands on services - inpatient stays, outpatient visits, emergency department attendances - financial cost due to wasted medication and increased demands on healthcare if health deteriorates
42
What can prescribers do to prevent poor medicines adherence in their patients
- Adapt the level of detail offered to what the patient would prefer - Establish the most appropriate and effective way to communicate with individual patients. - Involve patients in decision making about their treatments and medicines - Use plain English and avoid jargon Review adherence of medication of long term conditions
43

Prescription Questions (1 decks)

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