year 1 Flashcards
When did AT Still remember having “flung to the breeze the banner of osteopathy?”
June 22, 1874
In what year did AT Still coin the term osteopathy?
1889
When was the ASO first legal chartered?
May 1892
When did ASO’s first class begin studies?
October 3, 1892
According to AT Still’s autobiography, which two words most accurately combine to describe osteopathy?
Osteon and Pathos (bone usage)
What did D.O. originally stand for?
Diplomate in Osteopathy
Who was the first graduate of the ASO?
William Smith, MD
When did the first class of the ASO graduate?
March 2, 1894
In his autobiography, what does AT Still describe as his first lesson in osteopathy?
I made a swing of my father’s plow line between two trees; but my head hurt too much to make swinging comfortable, so I let the rope down to about eight or ten inches of the ground, threw the end of a blanket on it, and I lay down on the ground and used the rope for a swinging pillow. Thus I lay stretched on my back, with my neck across the rope. Soon I became easy and went to sleep, got up in a little while with headache all gone. As I knew nothing of anatomy, I took no thought of how a rope could stop headache and the sick stomach which accompanied it.
Who was the first anatomy professor at the ASO?
William Smith, MD
Who was the second anatomy professor at the ASO?
Jeanette “Nettie” Hubbard Bolles
What was the name of the “heavy set man with a dark brown beard,” that Obie Strothers brought to Kirksville in 1893?
Daniel David Palmer
When is AT Still’s birthday?
August 6, 1828
Where was AT Still born?
Lee County, Virginia
What was Abram Still’s profession?
Methodist minister, doctor
When Still returned from fighting the Civil War in February 1864, what illness were his children afflicted with?
Spinal meningitis
Who wrote the first book published on the subject of osteopathy?
Elmer Barber
According to the Journal of Osteopathy, what was the mark required in anatomy to meet the ASO’s requirements?
90%
Who opened the “second school of osteopathy,” the National School?
Elmer and Helen Barber
Which was the first state to license osteopathy as a medical practice?
Vermont
Who was AT Still arguing with before he “was shot in the dome of reason by an arrow charged with the principles of philosophy,” on June 22, 1874
His brother, James
When did governor Lon Stephens sign the bill to legalize the medical practice of osteopathy in the state of Missouri?
March 4, 1897
According to AT Still, in “The Philosophy of Osteopathy,” what do principles mean to an osteopath?
“A perfect plan and specification to build in form a house, an engine, a man, a world, or anything for an object or purpose.”
What was the case that lead AT to stop prescribing drugs altogether in 1885?
By correcting the lower thoracic vertebrae, a patient with a large bladder stone was able to dissolve the mass
Which was the second state to license osteopathy as a medical practice?
North Dakota
How does AT Still describe physiology in “Philosophy of Osteopathy?”
“Physiology was a branch of anatomy – a knowledge of which no osteopath can do without and be a success. This is as much a part of anatomy as a wing is a part of a chicken.”
According to his autobiography, what event prompted the following quotation from AT Still? “In sickness has God left man in a world guessing? Guess what is the matter? What to give, and guess the result? And when dead, guess where he goes?”
The death of three family members from spinal meningitis (two biological children, one adopted child).
NB: his wife died from SM as well, but the quote was about his children (The Autobiography of A.T. Still).
Which was the third state to license osteopathy as a medical practice?
Missouri
What was the original course length at the ASO in 1892?
Two terms of four months each, one year apart
What was the name of the first book published on the subject of Osteopathy?
Osteopathy: The New Science of Healing
When the MD associations blocked access to cadavers for the ASO, who went to the Dunning Morgue in Chicago to procure the bodies?
William Smith and Clarence Rider
What is the source of the following text? “The purpose and object of this association shall be to improve our systems of surgery, midwifery and treatment of diseases in which the adjustment of bones is the leading feature of this school of pathology. Also to instruct and qualify students that they may lawfully practice the science of osteopathy as taught and practiced by AT Still, the discoverer of this philosophy.”
The first charter of the ASO
How much was the ASO’s tuition in 1892 US funds?
$500 for men, $250 for women, free for African Americans
Who said that physiology was “the gateway by which this immense field of osteopathy is to be entered”?
John Martin Littlejohn
How much did treatment at AT Still infirmary cost in US dollars in 1895?
$25 per month, $15 per half month
What was the frequency of a patient’s treatment at the AT Still infirmary?
1-3 times per week, according to the requirements of the case
Approximately how many treatments would each operator at the AT Still infirmary typically administer each day?
14
What is the source of the following text? “The object of this corporation is to establish a College of Osteopathy, the design of which is to improve our present system of surgery, obstetrics, and treatment of diseases generally, and place the same on a more rational and scientific basis, and to impart information to the medical profession, and to grant and confer such honours and degrees as are usually granted and conferred by medical colleges.”
The revised charter of the ASO
How many students graduated in the first class of the ASO?
17
Who was Helen de Lendrecie?
A former ASO infirmary patient who won licensure for osteopathy in North Dakota
Where did AT Still relocate to apprentice with his father in 1853?
Wakarusa Mission, Nebraska Territory
What was the name of the border war in the Nebraska Territory that AT Still was a field medic in?
Bleeding Kansas
Who was James Abbott?
Still’s best friend, a Spiritualist and General who, according to Still, “put into my head the idea of osteopathy.”
Who wrote to the ASO board of trustees that he “should like to receive the degree of MD (osteopathic school) because I believe it is the right one… as a matter of policy for the recognition of osteopathy as an independent school of healing.”
John Martin Littlejohn.
Who presented the osteopathic licensure measure to the Missouri House of Representatives and Congress?
Arthur Hildreth and Henry Patterson.
What event does Still reference in the following quotation:“Today I am using part of a set of store teeth, because I lived in a day and generation when people had no more intelligence than to make cinnabar out of my jawbone.”
The common use of mercury chloride (calomel).
What events is Still referencing when he says, “I have given the history of these cases […] and results that I have obtained, not as a prescription to go by, but because this fact was a pointer which lead me to philosophize as a mechanic and find the cause of death.”
Using whiskey to treat the cause of spinal meningitis.
According to HH Gravett’s recollection of AT Still’s opening address, what is the first step in osteopathy?
The first step in osteopathy is a belief in our own bodies. the next step is to advance that belief to an intelligent understanding. You will learn that the body is self-creative, self-developing, self-sustaining, self-repairing, self-recuperating, self-propelling, self-adjusting, and does all these things on its own power. It will use only those things which belong in the realm of foods. I want to impress on you in the beginning of your study of osteopathy with the things you use know to make a success of it. First, osteopathy is not a system of movements; second, neither osteopathy nor its application to the patient is something that can be passed around on a platter. One must delve and dig for it themselves; third, its application to the patient must be given by reason and not by rule. Osteopathic physicians must be able to give a reason for the treatment they give, not so much to the patient, but to themselves. Neither am I operating a school to teach a lot of parrots, or turn out just another doctor. The field is already overcrowded with those who for these hundreds of years have treated the patients by rule rather than reason.
What did AT Still say about his mother?
She oversaw the farm work “just as well as father, or a little better,” and used punishment “homoeopathically.”
What year was the Wakarusa War?
1856.
When did AT Still die?
December 12, 1917.
How did AT Still describe treating his first case of flux?
I began to reason, for I knew very little about flux… As I began at the bases of the brain, and thought by pressures and rubbings I could push some of the hot to the cold places, and in so doing I found rigid and loose places on the muscles and ligaments of the whole spine, while the lumbar was in a very congested condition. Early next morning… her child was well.
Who brought DD Palmer to receive treatment in Kirksville in the fall of 1893?
Obie Strothers.
When did the building of the new school and infirmary begin?
AT Still’s 66th birthday (August 6, 1894).
What was the name of the First Nations group that occupied the Wakarusa Mission?
The Shawnee.
How did AT Still’s youngest son, Fred, die?
Pneumothorax (kicked by a horse) in fall 1893. Dies June 1894.
What was the name of AT Still’s wife?
First wife: Mary Margaret
Second wife: Mary Elvira
What are the titles of the 4 books written by AT Still?
- Autobiography of A.T. Still (1897)
- Philosophy of Osteopathy (1899)
- The Philosophy and Mechanical Principles of Osteopathy (1902)
- Osteopathy, Research and Practice (1910)
How many students were in the first class at the ASO?
18.
What year was Osteopathy legalized in Vermont?
1896.
What year was Osteopathy legalized in North Dakota?
1897.
What year was Osteopathy legalized in Missouri?
1897.
What was the name of the second book published on the subject of Osteopathy?
Osteopathy: The New Science.
Who wrote the second book published on the subject of osteopathy?
William Livingston Harlan.
What year did JM Littlejohn open the School of Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery in Chicago after being ousted at the ASO?
1900.
What year was the Still-Hildreth Osteopathic Sanatorium founded?
1913.
How did AT Still’s first wife (Mary Margaret) die in 1859?
Complications in childbirth.
When was the “school of bones” run?
September - December, 1891.
What is the “Law of Fives”?
Lungs have five lobes, three on right lung, and two on left. Liver has five lobes, three on right lobe, and two on left lobe. Nerves have five qualities, nutrition, sensation, motion, voluntary and involuntary. Since all principles differ in qualities or kinds of service, would it be amiss for us to inquire a little farther why the lungs and liver are provided with five divisions each, if not to do five kinds of work, and different from all other kinds in many ways?
How much money in 1894 US funds did Kirksville citizens donate to the ASO as the new infirmary was being built?
$2550
Who vetoed the original bill to legalize Osteopathy in Kirksville in 1895?
Governor William Stone
Who introduced Osteopathy to Vermont?
Dr. George J. Helmer
Who was the first woman to graduate in Osteopathy?
Dr. Jeanette “Nettie” Hubbard Bolles
What was AT Still’s title in early advertisements?
Magnetic healer, lightning bone setter
Who succeeded in having Osteopathy legalized in Michigan?
Arthur Hildreth
Who were AT Still’s “three H’s?”
Hildreth, Hazzard, and Hulett
What were the original 7 Osteopathy schools?
- American School of Osteopathy (Missouri)
- SS Still School (Iowa)
- Milwaukee Institute of Osteopathy (Wisconsin)
- Western Insistute of Osteopathy (Colorado)
- Pacific College of Osteopathy (California)
- Fargo Institute of Osteopathy (North Dakota)
- Northern Institute of Osteopathy (Minnesota)
What did AT Still say about lab tests?
“They may tell you how much the house is on fire, but not always tell you what started the fire and what is keeping it burning.”
