YE Flashcards
1
Q
What is music?
A
Music is sound organized in time.” It can range from simple melodies to complex structures and involves rhythm, pitch, dynamics, and form.”
2
Q
What are amplitude and frequency in music?
A
Amplitude measures loudness in decibels, while frequency refers to pitch, measured in Hertz (Hz).
3
Q
What are sound waves in music?
A
Sound waves are made up of amplitude (loudness) and frequency (pitch).
4
Q
What is the Sachs–Hornbostel classification of musical instruments?
A
It categorizes instruments based on sound production: chordophones, aerophones, membranophones, idiophones, and electrophones.
5
Q
What are chordophones?
A
Instruments with vibrating strings, such as violins and guitars.
6
Q
What are aerophones?
A
Instruments producing sound by vibrating columns of air, like flutes and trumpets.
7
Q
What are membranophones?
A
Instruments that use a vibrating membrane, like drums.
8
Q
What are idiophones?
A
Instruments where the body itself vibrates to produce sound, such as xylophones and bells.
9
Q
What are electrophones?
A
Instruments generating sound electronically, like synthesizers.
10
Q
What is pitch in music?
A
Pitch is the perceived frequency of a sound, determining if it is high or low.
11
Q
What is rhythm in music?
A
The temporal arrangement of sounds and silences.
12
Q
What is tempo?
A
The speed of music, measured in beats per minute (BPM).
13
Q
What is meter in music?
A
The organization of beats into repeating groups, such as duple or triple.
14
Q
What is syncopation?
A
Placing rhythmic emphasis on off–beats.
15
Q
What is harmony?
A
The simultaneous combination of pitches, forming chords.
16
Q
What is consonance?
A
Harmonies perceived as stable.
17
Q
What is dissonance?
A
Harmonies perceived as tense.
18
Q
What is melody?
A
A series of pitches arranged in sequence to form a tune.
19
Q
What is musical texture?
A
How different melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic elements are combined.
20
Q
What is monophony?
A
A single melody without harmony.
21
Q
What is homophony?
A
A melody supported by harmonic accompaniment.
22
Q
What is polyphony?
A
Multiple independent melodies played at the same time.
23
Q
What is binary form in music?
A
A structure with two contrasting sections, labeled A–B.
24
Q
What is ternary form?
A
A structure with three sections, labeled A–B–A, where the initial section returns.
25
What is rondo form?
A structure with a recurring main theme alternating with contrasting sections, labeled A–B–A–C–A.
26
What is theme and variations?
A structure where a theme is followed by varied repetitions.
27
What is a major scale?
A scale with whole and half steps in the pattern W–W–H–W–W–W–H, often bright sounding.
28
What is a minor scale?
A scale with the pattern W–H–W–W–H–W–W, often perceived as sad or dark.
29
What is the blues scale?
A scale that combines elements of both major and minor scales, using flattened notes for expressiveness, especially in jazz and blues.
30
Who are Allora & Calzadilla?
Artists who created Land Mark (Foot Prints)," protest art made during demonstrations against U.S. military exercises in Vieques, Puerto Rico."
31
What is the message of Land Mark (Foot Prints)?
It symbolizes environmental footprints and the transient nature of protest through imprinted messages in the sand.
32
Who is Kent Monkman?
A Cree artist known for The Fourth World," which re–contextualizes imagery of Western expansion and the romanticization of Native Americans in traditional landscape art."
33
What themes does The Fourth World by Kent Monkman explore?
Colonialism, displacement, and cultural appropriation.
34
What is Bonnie Devine’s Battle for the Woodlands?
A work critiquing historical narratives of land ownership and Indigenous land destruction, overlaying colonial maps with images of displaced animals.
35
Who is Will Wilson?
A photographer who created Church Rock Spill Evaporation Ponds," highlighting the ongoing damage from the Church Rock uranium spill in Navajo Nation."
36
What message is conveyed by Church Rock Spill Evaporation Ponds?
It addresses exploitation of Indigenous lands and health consequences from the largest radioactive spill in U.S. history.
37
What is Agnes Denes' Wheatfield—A Confrontation?
An art piece that challenges the urban–industrial divide by planting a wheat field in Manhattan, questioning food production in a globalized economy.
38
What environmental critique is made in Wheatfield—A Confrontation?
It critiques urbanization and environmental neglect.
39
Who is Noah Purifoy?
An artist known for Offshore Drilling," which uses discarded materials to criticize environmental harm caused by oil drilling."
40
What is the theme of Offshore Drilling by Noah Purifoy?
Environmental devastation due to oil drilling.
41
Who is Vik Muniz?
An artist who created Marat (Sebastião) from Pictures of Garbage," using waste materials to depict marginalized populations impacted by industrial pollution."
42
What is the theme of Marat (Sebastião) from Pictures of Garbage?
It symbolizes societal neglect of environmental responsibility.
43
What does Claude Debussy’s La Mer evoke?
The changing moods of the sea.
44
What does Bedřich Smetana’s The Moldau represent?
A tone poem tracing the path of a river.
45
What is Philip Glass' Águas da Amazônia inspired by?
The Amazon River.
46
What is Florence Price's Mississippi River Suite about?
It celebrates the life and beauty of the Mississippi River.
47
What does Michael Daugherty’s Reflections on the Mississippi depict?
A tuba concerto inspired by the reflective waters of the Mississippi River.
48
What are the movements of Ferde Grofé’s Grand Canyon Suite?
Sunrise, Painted Desert, On the Trail, Sunset, and Cloudburst.
49
What does On the Trail" in Grand Canyon Suite depict?"
A traveler’s journey down the Bright Angel Trail, complete with sounds of hoofbeats and folk–inspired tunes.
50
What was Grofé known for?
Portraying American landscapes in music, notably in his Grand Canyon Suite.
51
What does Wheatfield—A Confrontation by Agnes Denes challenge?
The urban–industrial divide by planting a wheat field in Manhattan.
52
What does Offshore Drilling by Noah Purifoy criticize?
Environmental devastation caused by oil drilling, using recycled materials.
53
What theme does Vik Muniz explore in Marat (Sebastião) from Pictures of Garbage?
The impact of industrial pollution on marginalized populations.
54
What natural theme does Beethoven’s Symphony No. 6 Pastoral" embrace?"
The beauty of rural life, with movements depicting bird songs, brooks, and thunderstorms.
55
What was significant about Disney’s Fantasia adaptation of Beethoven’s Pastoral Symphony?
It visually interpreted the Thunderstorm" movement with animated storm scenes."
56
What is programmatic music?
Instrumental music that tells a story or paints a picture, often inspired by nature, literature, or historical events.
57
What are character pieces in music?
Short instrumental works that depict a single character or mood.
58
What is rondo form?
A musical form where a theme returns repeatedly, alternating with different sections, labeled as A–B–A–C–A.
59
What is through–composed structure?
A structure where music is written without repeating sections, creating unpredictability and dynamism.
60
What is virtuosity in music?
A showcase of technical skill in a musician's performance, often seen in cadenzas.
61
What are the five movements of Ferde Grofé’s Grand Canyon Suite?
Sunrise, Painted Desert, On the Trail, Sunset, and Cloudburst.
62
What does the movement “On the Trail” depict in Grofé's Grand Canyon Suite?
It depicts a burro ride through the Grand Canyon, including sounds of a braying donkey and violin cadenzas.
63
What does Grofé’s “Cloudburst” represent in his Grand Canyon Suite?
It illustrates a thunderstorm, connecting to a tradition of storm music, like Vivaldi’s “Summer” and Beethoven’s “Pastoral Symphony.”
64
What is Beethoven’s Symphony No. 6 “Pastoral” known for?
It is a foundational work in programmatic music depicting nature, including a thunderstorm movement.
65
What is the fourth movement of Beethoven’s “Pastoral” Symphony?
Gewitter, Sturm" or "Thunderstorm," creating a storm with techniques like tremolos, timpani rolls, and polyrhythms."
66
How was Beethoven's Pastoral" Symphony adapted in popular culture?"
The “Thunderstorm” movement was adapted in Disney’s Fantasia.
67
What is Toru Takemitsu’s Ame no ki (Rain Tree)?
A piece featuring three percussionists using Japanese sawari techniques to mimic the unpredictable sound of rain.
68
What does Nikolai Rimsky–Korsakov’s The Flight of the Bumblebee represent?
A musical depiction of a bumblebee's rapid flight, using chromatic scales and rhythmic complexity.
69
What is Amy Beach’s Hermit Thrush at Morn based on?
Birdsongs transcriptions, blending natural elements into classical waltz structures.
70
What is an ostinato in music?
A repeating musical pattern that supports the primary melody.
71
What are cadenzas?
Solo sections in music designed to showcase a musician's skill.
72
What is a glissando?
A sliding effect between two notes.
73
What are double–stops in music?
Playing two notes at once on a stringed instrument.
74
What is sforzando?
A sudden, strong accent on a note or chord.
75
What is eco–art?
An art movement focused on environmental concerns, aiming to raise awareness about pollution, land use, and conservation.
76
What is environmental documentation in art?
Photography and art depicting pollution, environmental disasters, and industrial impacts on ecosystems.
77
What is Agnes Denes’ Wheatfield—A Confrontation?
A two–acre wheat field in Manhattan, addressing issues of hunger, waste, economics, and ecology.
78
What issues does Wheatfield—A Confrontation by Agnes Denes address?
World hunger, waste, economic disparity, and ecological mismanagement.
79
What is the afterlife of Wheatfield—A Confrontation?
Wheat seeds from the harvest were distributed globally in “The International Art Show for the End of World Hunger.”
80
Who is Noah Purifoy, and what does his Offshore Drilling address?
Purifoy was an artist who used scrap metal to critique environmental racism and the impact of oil spills on marginalized communities.
81
Who is Subhankar Banerjee, and what is Caribou Migration I?
Banerjee is a photographer whose work depicts caribou migration in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, aiding in debates to prevent oil drilling.
82
What impact did Subhankar Banerjee's Caribou Migration I have?
It was cited in U.S. Senate debates, helping protect the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge from drilling.
83
Who is Vik Muniz, and what is Marat (Sebastião) from Pictures of Garbage?
Muniz is an artist who recreates iconic paintings with garbage to explore recycling, waste, and inequality.
84
What themes are explored in Vik Muniz’s Marat (Sebastião)?
Recycling, waste, and social inequality.
85
What is assemblage in art?
A technique creating art from found objects, as used by Purifoy in Offshore Drilling.
86
What is documentary photography?
Photography capturing real–world environmental issues, such as oil spills and wildlife displacement, seen in works by Banerjee and Burtynsky.
87
What is reappropriation in art?
Using unconventional materials to recreate famous art, as done by Vik Muniz with garbage in Pictures of Garbage.
88
What is the focus of environmental art about pollution and extraction?
Exposing environmental damage from oil drilling and pollution, often highlighting impacts on marginalized communities.
89
What is interconnected ecosystems in art?
Art illustrating the symbiotic relationships in nature, such as Banerjee’s Caribou Migration I linking wildlife, Indigenous people, and land.
90
What is the Documerica Project?
A 1970s initiative that documented American pollution and infrastructure with over 20,000 photos.
91
What was the Love Canal Disaster?
A crisis in which 21,000 tons of toxic waste dumped by Hooker Chemical led to severe environmental and health issues.
92
What was the 1969 Santa Barbara Oil Spill?
A major environmental disaster where 3 million gallons of oil were spilled, sparking the U.S. environmental movement.
93
What is the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge?
Nearly 20 million acres in Alaska, repeatedly threatened by oil drilling proposals.
94
How did Ferde Grofé’s On the Trail impact popular culture?
It served as the theme for the Philip Morris Radio Show for 20 years.
95
What is the musical legacy of Beethoven’s Sixth Symphony Thunderstorm?
It inspired Disney’s Fantasia, which adapted its storm depiction into animated visuals.
96
What is Takemitsu’s Waterscape Series?
A series of compositions exploring environmental cycles, closely linked to Japanese philosophical traditions.
97
Who is Agnes Denes, and what is Tree Mountain?
Denes is an artist whose Tree Mountain project emphasized environmental sustainability and community engagement.
98
Who is Subhankar Banerjee, and what is his political impact?
Banerjee is a photographer whose work influenced U.S. environmental policy by highlighting the Arctic's ecological significance.
99
Who is Vik Muniz, and what is his artistic focus?
Muniz is an artist who explores themes of recycling and the value of labor, especially in underprivileged communities, using waste materials.
100
Who composed Symphony No. 6 Pastoral"?"
Ludwig van Beethoven, celebrating rural life and nature with movements that depict birds, brooks, and thunderstorms.
101
What is the ecological impact of Ferde Grofé’s Grand Canyon Suite?
It brings attention to the natural beauty of the U.S., specifically the Grand Canyon, inspiring ecological appreciation.
102
What themes are present in Alma Thomas’ Snoopy—Early Sun Display on Earth?
Space exploration, Earth’s beauty, and the relationship between humanity and nature.
103
What is the significance of Ana Mendieta's Silueta Series?
It explores themes of human presence and connection to nature by creating silhouettes in natural materials.
104
Who is Rebecca Belmore, and what is Ayum–ee–aawach Oomama–mowan?
Belmore is an Indigenous artist who created a large wooden megaphone for participants to speak directly to the land, symbolizing the connection to nature.
105
Who is Joni Mitchell, and what is Big Yellow Taxi"?"
Mitchell is a musician whose song critiques environmental destruction with the line, They paved paradise and put up a parking lot.""
106
What is Marvin Gaye’s Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)" about?"
A song expressing concern over pollution, deforestation, and environmental degradation.
107
What is Michael Abels’ Global Warming?
A symphonic piece inspired by hopes for global unity and environmental awareness, featuring a violin cadenza that represents the desert’s heat.
108
What is the Dorian mode in music?
A musical mode used to create folk traditions.
109
How are sounds categorized in music?
Sounds are categorized by frequency, determining pitch, and amplitude, determining loudness.
110
What is Hertz (Hz) used to measure in music?
Hertz (Hz) measures the frequency of a sound, determining its pitch.
111
How are decibels used in relation to music?
Decibels measure the amplitude of a sound, or its loudness.
112
What does sound organized in time" imply about music?"
It suggests that music is structured with specific timing, arrangement, and progression of sounds and silences.
113
Describe an example of chordophones.
Violins and guitars, which produce sound through vibrating strings.
114
Describe an example of aerophones.
Flutes and trumpets, which produce sound by vibrating a column of air.
115
Describe an example of membranophones.
Drums, which produce sound through a vibrating membrane.
116
Describe an example of idiophones.
Xylophones and bells, where the entire body of the instrument vibrates to produce sound.
117
Describe an example of electrophones.
Synthesizers, which generate sound electronically.
118
What does temporal arrangement refer to in rhythm?
It refers to the specific timing and duration of sounds and silences in music.
119
How is beat measured in tempo?
Beat is measured in beats per minute (BPM), indicating the speed of the music.
120
What distinguishes duple meter from triple meter?
Duple meter organizes beats in groups of two, while triple meter organizes them in groups of three.
121
How does syncopation affect rhythm?
Syncopation shifts the emphasis to off–beats, creating a unique rhythmic effect.
122
What role do chords play in harmony?
Chords are a combination of pitches played simultaneously, creating the harmonic foundation of a piece.
123
How is harmony perceived as consonant?
Consonant harmony feels stable and pleasant.
124
How is harmony perceived as dissonant?
Dissonant harmony feels tense and unresolved.
125
Describe a melody in music.
A melody is a sequence of pitches that form a recognizable tune.
126
How does monophony differ from polyphony?
Monophony is a single melodic line without accompaniment, while polyphony has multiple independent melodies played at the same time.
127
What is binary form, labeled A–B?
Binary form is a musical structure with two distinct sections, A and B, each with its own musical material.
128
What is ternary form, labeled A–B–A?
Ternary form consists of three sections, with the first section (A) repeating after a contrasting section (B).
129
How does rondo form differ from binary and ternary forms?
Rondo form has a main theme that alternates with contrasting sections, creating a recurring pattern like A–B–A–C–A.
130
What is theme and variations in music?
It is a structure where an initial theme is followed by variations, each altering the theme in some way.
131
Describe the pattern of whole and half steps in a major scale.
The pattern is W–W–H–W–W–W–H, creating a bright, uplifting sound.
132
Describe the pattern of whole and half steps in a minor scale.
The pattern is W–H–W–W–H–W–W, giving it a darker, more melancholic sound.
133
What makes the blues scale unique?
The blues scale combines major and minor elements with flattened notes, creating a distinctive expressiveness.
134
What does Land Mark (Foot Prints) by Allora & Calzadilla represent?
It represents environmental and protest footprints, as messages imprinted in sand during demonstrations.
135
What specific themes does Kent Monkman address in The Fourth World?
Monkman addresses colonialism, displacement, and cultural appropriation through re–contextualized Western imagery.
136
How does Bonnie Devine critique historical land ownership in Battle for the Woodlands?
Devine critiques it by overlaying colonial maps with displaced animals, symbolizing lost Indigenous lands.
137
What specific environmental issue is highlighted by Will Wilson’s Church Rock Spill Evaporation Ponds?
It highlights the damage from the Church Rock uranium spill in Navajo Nation, focusing on exploitation and health risks.
138
How does Agnes Denes’ Wheatfield—A Confrontation question food production?
By planting a wheat field in Manhattan, it challenges the divide between urban life and global food systems.
139
What specific environmental harm does Noah Purifoy critique in Offshore Drilling?
Purifoy critiques the environmental devastation caused by oil drilling, using discarded materials as a statement.
140
How does Vik Muniz symbolize environmental responsibility in Marat (Sebastião) from Pictures of Garbage?
Muniz uses waste materials to create portraits, highlighting societal neglect and industrial pollution impacts.
141
What are the mood themes in Claude Debussy’s La Mer?
It evokes the shifting moods and emotions associated with the sea.
142
What journey does Bedřich Smetana’s The Moldau depict?
It follows the path of a river, symbolizing the life and journey of the water.
143
What natural theme inspires Philip Glass’ Águas da Amazônia?
It is inspired by the vast and complex ecosystem of the Amazon River.
144
How does Florence Price celebrate nature in the Mississippi River Suite?
She celebrates the beauty and vibrancy of the Mississippi River.
145
What element of the Mississippi River is reflected in Michael Daugherty’s Reflections on the Mississippi?
The calm, reflective waters of the Mississippi River are represented in this tuba concerto.
146
What is depicted in Ferde Grofé’s Grand Canyon Suite's five movements?
Movements include Sunrise, Painted Desert, On the Trail, Sunset, and Cloudburst, each illustrating aspects of the Grand Canyon.
147
What specific scene is conveyed in On the Trail" of Grofé's Grand Canyon Suite?"
It depicts a traveler’s journey down the Bright Angel Trail, complete with sounds of hoofbeats.
148
How did Ferde Grofé become known for portraying landscapes?
His Grand Canyon Suite highlighted the American landscape's beauty, cementing his reputation for musical naturalism.
149
What does Beethoven’s Symphony No. 6 “Pastoral” depict?
The symphony depicts rural life and nature, with movements symbolizing birds, brooks, and a thunderstorm.
150
What specific movement in Beethoven’s Pastoral Symphony represents a thunderstorm?
The fourth movement, Gewitter, Sturm" or "Thunderstorm," uses musical techniques to create a storm’s intensity."
151
How was Beethoven's Thunderstorm" movement adapted in Disney’s Fantasia?"
The storm movement was visually interpreted with animated storm scenes.
152
What Japanese musical technique does Takemitsu’s Ame no ki (Rain Tree) use?
It uses sawari, mimicking natural rain sounds with marimbas, vibraphones, and crotales.
153
How does Rimsky–Korsakov’s The Flight of the Bumblebee depict nature?
It represents the fast, dizzying flight of a bumblebee using rapid chromatic scales.
154
How does Amy Beach’s Hermit Thrush at Morn incorporate nature?
It uses birdsong transcriptions to create character pieces based on natural sounds.
155
What is an ostinato?
A continuously repeating musical pattern that supports the main melody.
156
What are cadenzas used for in music?
They are solo sections designed to highlight a musician's technical skill.
157
Describe a glissando.
A smooth slide from one pitch to another.
158
What are double–stops on a string instrument?
Playing two notes at the same time.
159
What does sforzando indicate in a musical score?
A sudden, strong accent on a note or chord.
160
What is eco–art?
Art that focuses on environmental concerns, aiming to raise awareness on pollution, land use, and conservation through creative expression.
161
What is environmental documentation in art?
The use of photography and art to depict pollution, environmental disasters, and the impacts of industrialization on ecosystems.
162
What is Agnes Denes' Wheatfield—A Confrontation?
A two–acre wheat field planted in Manhattan's Battery Park landfill, highlighting the contrast between urban life and agriculture.
163
What global issues are addressed by Wheatfield—A Confrontation?
World hunger, waste, economics, and ecological mismanagement.
164
What happened to the wheat seeds harvested from Wheatfield—A Confrontation?
They were sent around the world in “The International Art Show for the End of World Hunger.”
165
What is Noah Purifoy’s Offshore Drilling?
A sculpture made from scrap metal that critiques environmental racism and the impact of oil spills on poorer communities.
166
What environmental and political issue does Subhankar Banerjee’s Caribou Migration I highlight?
The ecological connection between caribou migration, Indigenous people, and land conservation, used in debates to prevent oil drilling in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
167
How did Subhankar Banerjee’s Caribou Migration I impact U.S. policy?
It was cited in a U.S. Senate debate, contributing to efforts to protect the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge from drilling.
168
What themes does Vik Muniz explore in Marat (Sebastião) from Pictures of Garbage?
Recycling, waste, and social inequality, with portraits created from garbage involving Brazilian catadores (garbage pickers).
169
What is assemblage in art?
An art technique involving the creation of pieces from found objects or scrap materials, like in Purifoy's Offshore Drilling.
170
What is documentary photography?
A form of photography used to capture real–world environmental issues, such as pollution, oil spills, and wildlife displacement.
171
What is reappropriation in Vik Muniz's work?
The technique of recreating iconic art with unconventional materials like garbage, challenging traditional notions of art and value.
172
What is the focus of pollution and extraction–themed environmental art?
Highlighting environmental damage from activities like oil drilling and pollution, often pointing to the impact on marginalized communities.
173
How do artworks on interconnected ecosystems highlight symbiotic relationships?
They emphasize connections between wildlife, Indigenous populations, and land, as in Banerjee's Caribou Migration I with caribou and the Gwich'in people.
174
What was the Documerica Project?
A 1970s project that documented American pollution, industry, and infrastructure, producing over 20,000 photographs.
175
What was the Love Canal Disaster?
An environmental crisis involving 21,000 tons of toxic waste dumped by Hooker Chemical, leading to severe health and environmental problems.
176
What environmental impact did the 1969 Santa Barbara Oil Spill have?
Spilling 3 million gallons of oil, it ignited the modern environmental movement in the U.S.
177
What is the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)?
Nearly 20 million acres of protected land in Alaska, under repeated threat from oil drilling proposals.
178
How did Ferde Grofé's On the Trail contribute to radio culture?
It was used as the theme for the Philip Morris Radio Show for 20 years.
179
How did Beethoven’s Sixth Symphony Thunderstorm influence Disney’s Fantasia?
The storm movement was animated to depict a powerful thunderstorm scene.
180
What is Takemitsu’s Waterscape Series known for?
Exploring environmental cycles, the series is closely linked to Japanese philosophical and aesthetic traditions.
181
How did Agnes Denes pioneer ecological art?
Her projects like Tree Mountain pushed boundaries in environmental sustainability and community engagement.
182
What environmental issue does Subhankar Banerjee's photography address?
The ecological and cultural significance of Alaska's Arctic, influencing U.S. policy on environmental protection.
183
How does Vik Muniz blur the lines between high art and waste?
By using garbage to create iconic images, emphasizing recycling and the value of labor in marginalized communities.
184
What specific rural life scenes does Beethoven’s Symphony No. 6 Pastoral" depict?"
Bird songs, brooks, and thunderstorms, celebrating the beauty of nature.
185
How did Grofé's Grand Canyon Suite inspire appreciation for American landscapes?
It musically depicted the natural beauty of the Grand Canyon, fostering ecological appreciation.
186
What inspired Alma Thomas’ Snoopy—Early Sun Display on Earth?
The first space explorations and the awe–inspiring view of Earth from space.
187
How does Ana Mendieta’s Silueta Series represent human connection to nature?
Her earth–body works use natural materials to imprint human forms in nature, symbolizing a transient connection.
188
What is Rebecca Belmore’s Ayum–ee–aawach Oomama–mowan?
A large wooden megaphone used by Indigenous participants to speak directly to the land, amplifying Indigenous voices.
189
How does Joni Mitchell’s Big Yellow Taxi" critique environmental destruction?"
With the famous line, They paved paradise and put up a parking lot," it critiques urbanization's impact on nature."
190
What environmental concerns does Marvin Gaye's Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)" address?"
Issues like air pollution, deforestation, and planetary degradation.
191
What inspired Michael Abels’ Global Warming symphonic piece?
Post–Cold War hopes for global unity and awareness of environmental concerns.
192
What does the violin cadenza represent in Michael Abels’ Global Warming?
The intense heat of the desert, reflecting global warming's effects.
193
What modes does Abels’ Global Warming incorporate?
The Dorian and Mixolydian modes, blending folk traditions.
194
What ecological connection is shown in Subhankar Banerjee's Caribou Migration I?
It highlights the relationship between the caribou, the land, and the Indigenous Gwich'in people.
195
What was the purpose of the ecology symbol created for Earth Day?
To represent unity and wholeness, combining “e” for environment and “o” for organism.
196
How did Earth Day originate?
It was initiated by Senator Gaylord Nelson in 1970 to raise awareness of environmental issues, with millions participating globally.
197
What is Joni Mitchell’s contribution to environmental music?
Her song Big Yellow Taxi" became an environmental anthem, covered over 565 times."
198
What legacy did Marvin Gaye’s Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)" leave?"
It was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002 as one of the first R&B songs to address ecological issues.
199
How does Toru Takemitsu’s Ame no ki (Rain Tree) use sawari?
It incorporates Japanese sawari techniques to imitate rain, played by percussionists on marimbas, vibraphones, and crotales.
200
How does Rimsky–Korsakov’s The Flight of the Bumblebee convey rapid movement?
It uses dizzying chromatic scales and fast rhythms to mimic a bumblebee’s flight.
201
What are character pieces in music?
Short instrumental works that depict a specific character or mood.
202
What is the purpose of double–stops in string playing?
They create harmony by allowing two notes to be played simultaneously on a string instrument.
203
What is a glissando, and how is it used?
A slide between notes, adding expressiveness and fluidity in music.
204
How does Alma Thomas' work relate to environmental concerns?
Though abstract, her dappled strokes and bright colors reflect the beauty of Earth as seen from space.
205
What is the ecological theme in Beethoven’s Symphony No. 6 Pastoral"?"
It captures a deep appreciation for the beauty and tranquility of rural landscapes.
206
What does sforzando mean in music notation?
A directive to play a note or chord with sudden, strong emphasis.
207
What is the significance of Henry David Thoreau’s Walden?
Published in 1854, it inspired environmentalists by advocating for a connection with nature.
208
What was John Muir’s contribution to environmentalism?
His writings on the Sierra Nevada led to the formation of the Sierra Club in 1892.
209
How did Rachel Carson's Silent Spring impact modern environmentalism?
Published in 1962, it exposed the dangers of DDT, catalyzing environmental protection efforts.
210
Who coined the term Earth Day"?"
Julien Koenig in 1969, contributing to its global
