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Science > Y9 Science Exam revision - 2 > Flashcards

Y9 Science Exam revision - 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

ecosystems

A

involves the interaction between biotic and abiotic things

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2
Q

organisms

A

all living things

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3
Q

habitat

A

home of an animal or plant

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4
Q

population

A

a. group of the same species living in the same area

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5
Q

community

A

a group of populations interacting with one another

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6
Q

Abiotic

A

non-living factors of the environment
light /air

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7
Q

biotic

A

living organisms apart of an environment
humans/animals/plants

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8
Q

autotrophs

A

an organism that relies on itself for food, and can photosynthesize

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9
Q

heterotrophs

A

rely on other organisms for nutrnients

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10
Q

natural impact

A

weather change / natural disasters

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11
Q

human impact

A

global warming/pollution

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12
Q

cuticle

A

protects plants from external stress

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13
Q

upper epidermis

A

reduces necessary water loss in plants

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14
Q

palisade mesophyll

A

where photosynthesis occurs

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15
Q

spongey mesophyll

A

allows the interchange of necessary gases used for photosynthesisn

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16
Q

lower epidermis

A

allows co2 to enter the leaf and oxygen to be released, aswell as helping excess water to leave

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17
Q

guard cell

A

open and close the stomata and also regulate water

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18
Q

stomata

A

a pore that regulates gas exchange

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19
Q

xylem

A

transports water from the roots of the plant

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20
Q

phloem

A

carries sugar throughout the plant

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21
Q

where does cellular respiration occur?

A

mitochondria

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22
Q

aerobic respiration word problem

A

glucose + oxygen - co2 + water + energy

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23
Q

anaerobic respiration word problem

A

glucose - ethanol + co2 + energy

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24
Q

photosynthesis word equation

A

co2 + water —- (light, chlorophyl) = oxygen + glucose

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25
Q

food chain

A

shows energy level / feeding order

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26
Q

food webs

A

shows the reliance and interconnections between food chains

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27
Q

how is energy lost?

A

Once an organism dies only 10% of its total energy is passed on. Trophic levels show energy levels.

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28
Q

consumer

A

heterotrophs

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29
Q

producer

A

autotrophs

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30
Q

how is matter passed through the ecosystem?

A

living matter is passed from producers to consumers, which is broken down by decomposers and released as ATP.

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31
Q

scientific error

A

random + systematic

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32
Q

dependant variable

A

whats measured

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33
Q

independent variable

A

what is changed

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34
Q

controlled

A

stays constant

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35
Q

systematic error

A

an inaccuracy made by you

36
Q

random error

A

occurs due to chance

37
Q

1st electromagnetic wave

A

Radio wave

38
Q

2nd type of electromagnetic wave

A

microwaves

39
Q

3rd type of electromagnetic wave

A

infrared radiation

40
Q

4th type of electromagnetic wave

A

visible light

41
Q

5th type of electromagnetic wave

A

ultraviolet

42
Q

6th type of electromagnetic wave

A

x- ray

43
Q

7th type of electromagnetic wave

A

gamma rays

44
Q

speed of light

A

300,000 km/s

45
Q

law of reflection

A

angle of incidence = angle of reflection

46
Q

regular reflection

A

plane mirrors reflect light in a normal and consistent way

47
Q

diffuse reflection

A

most rough objects reflect in at unusual and irregular angles

48
Q

visible colours

A

red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

49
Q

why do we see colors

A

the colours we see are simply the only visible colour that wasn’t absorbed by the object, the imparticular colour reflects into our eyesight.

50
Q

virtual image

A

upright image where rays diverge

51
Q

real image

A

formed by rays of light converging to make the focus

52
Q

inverted image

A

an image that appears backwards due to a plane mirror. for instance ambulance writing

53
Q

upright image

A

image that appears verticle

54
Q

concave mirror

A

real image

55
Q

convex mirror

A

virtual image

56
Q

rule of refraction

A

when light enters a more dense medium it goes towards the medium

57
Q

dispersion of white light

A

when white light enters a triangular prism, all visible light colors appear. and you can see the ones that diverge more due to longer or shorter wavelengths

58
Q

how do we see things

A

when we look at objects light is reflected into our eyes

59
Q

cornea

A

clear window that refracts light

60
Q

pupil

A

hole in the iris, that lets light in

61
Q

iris

A

coloured part of the eye that controls light through the pupil

62
Q

lense

A

refracts light to focus image on the retina

63
Q

retina

A

light-sensitive cells which change light energy to nerve impulses

64
Q

sclera

A

white tough part of the eye

65
Q

optical nerve

A

sends messages from the retina to the brain

66
Q

liquid humor

A

jelly substance at the front that holds the eye shape and keeps it strong.

67
Q

2 vision defects

A

myopia, hyperobia

68
Q

what waves need a medium

A

water and sound

69
Q

how are waves classified?

A

transverse or longitude

70
Q

speed of sound in air

A

331 metres

71
Q

how long does sound take to reach 1km away?

A

3 seconds

72
Q

why do we see lightning before thunder?

A

because light travels faster then sound

73
Q

longitudinal wave

A

travel in lines

74
Q

transverse waves

A

travel in lines

75
Q

common cause of hearing loss

A
  • trauma to the head or ear
  • loud noise
76
Q

process of hearing

A
  • outer ear
  • middle ear
  • inner ear
  • auditory nerve
77
Q

pinner / outer ear

A

made from cartilage, helps direct sound waves to the canal

78
Q

ear canal / outer ear

A

tube that directs sound waves to the inner ear containing hair and wax

79
Q

stirrup, anvil, hammer / middle ear

A

smallest bones in our body

80
Q

eardrum / middle ear

A

vibrates when sound hits it

81
Q

oval window

A

connects the middle and inner ear

82
Q

semi-circular canals / inner ear

A

fluid-filled canals that help us to keep balance

83
Q

cochlea

A

sounds vibrations are transmitted and picked up by nerves which helps the brain sense sound

84
Q

Eustachian tube

A

connects ear canal to nose and throat

85
Q

auditory nerve

A

sends electrical signals to the brain

Science (1 decks)

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