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KS3 Science > Y9 Exam: Sciences > Flashcards

Y9 Exam: Sciences Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Function of NUCLEUS

A

Contains genetic material

Controls what happens in cell

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2
Q

Function of CYTOPLASM

A

Where most chemical reactions take place, controlled by enzymes

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3
Q

Function of cell MEMBRANE

A

Semi-permeable, controls movement of substances going in and out of the cell

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4
Q

Function of MITOCHONDRIA

A

Where most energy is released by respiration

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5
Q

Function of RIBOSOMES

A

Where protein synthesis happens

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6
Q

Function of cell WALL

A

Strengthens cell

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7
Q

Function of CHOLOROPLASTS

A

Contains chlorophyll which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

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8
Q

Function of VACUOLE

A

Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell swollen with water

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9
Q

Specialised SPERM cell

A

Tail to propel them forwards
Streamlined shape to reduce resistance
Contains large numbers of mitochondria to give the cell it’s energy
Releases enzymes on contact with egg cell to digest a path through the outer coat of the egg

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10
Q

Specialised ROOT HAIR cell

A

Long thin root hair which provides large surface area for absorption to happen

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11
Q

Specialised RED BLOOD cell

A

No nucleus to increase volume of haemoglobin on cell

Very flexible so it can move through narrow blood vessels

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12
Q

Magnification equation

A

Magnification = size of IMAGE | size of OBJECT

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13
Q

Light microscope magnification equation

A

Total magnification = eyepiece lens X objective lens

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14
Q

What are STEM cells?

A

UNSPECIALISED cells which can DIFFERENTIATE into any kind of human cell.

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15
Q

Where can human stem cells be found?

A

Human EMBRYOS or adult BONE MARROW

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16
Q

Uses of STEM cells

A

Stem cells have the potential to be used in new treatments for conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and paralysis.

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17
Q

What is OSMOSIS?

A

The movement of WATER from a DILUTE solution to a CONCENTRATED solution across a SEMI-PERMEABLE membrane

18
Q

What is DIFFUSION?

A

The movement of PARTICLES from an area of HIGHER concentration to an area of LOWER concentration

19
Q

Why is diffusion important?

A

It allows cells to get oxygen and nutrients for survival

20
Q

The rate of diffusion is increases when:

A

Distance is decreased
Surface area is increased
Concentration gradient is increased

21
Q

What is the structure of an ATOM?

A

Atoms consist of electrons surrounding a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons

22
Q

How do you work out MASS number?

A

= protons + neutrons

23
Q

How do you work out how many NEUTRONS?

A

Mass number - Atomic number

24
Q

What is the ATOMIC number?

A

= Protons
= Electrons
Same number

25
Q

What is the Group Number?

A

= number of electrons in the outer shell

26
Q

What’s the row/period?

A

= number of shells

27
Q

What is an ELEMENT?

A

An atom of ALL the SAME type

28
Q

What is a COMPOUND?

A

A mixture of different types of elements

29
Q

What is a MOLECULE?

A

At least 2 different atoms joined together

30
Q

Solid to liquid

A

Melting point

31
Q

Liquid to gas

A

Boiling point

32
Q

Structure of a SOLID

A 
Close together
Arranged in a regular pattern
Held together by strong chemical bonds
Can vibrate in a fixed position
Can't move from place to place
33
Q

Structure of LIQUID

A

Close together
Arranged in a random way
The particles can move around each other

34
Q

Structure of GAS

A

Far apart
Arranged in a random way
The particles can move quickly in all directions

35
Q

Conservation of mass

A

Mass of reactants = mass of products

Matter cannot be created or destroyed

36
Q

Filtration

A

Method for separating an insoluble solid from a liquid

37
Q

Evaporation

A

Used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid

38
Q

Simple distillation

A

Method for separating the solvent from a solution

39
Q

Fractional distillation

A

Method for separating a liquid from a mixture of two or more liquids

40
Q

Paper chromatography

A

Method for separating dissolved substances from one another

41
Q

Properties of metal

A 
High melting point
Conducts electricity & heat
Solid/rigid
Dense
Malleable
Sonorous
Ductile
Shiny
42
Q

Group 1 metals (reaction)

A

Each group 1 metal reacts with water and forms a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
The reactivity is a measure of how easily a metal loses its outer electrons.

KS3 Science (2 decks)

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