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Science > Y8 Health And Lifestyle > Flashcards

Y8 Health And Lifestyle Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is respiration?

A

Respiration is the release of energy from glucose in the mitochondria

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2
Q

What is the word equation for respiration?

A

Oxygen + Glucose -> (energy) + Water + Carbon Dioxide

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3
Q

What is the symbol equation of respiration

A

6 O2 + C6H12O6 -> (energy) + 6 H2O + 6 CO2

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4
Q

What are the different types of nutrients?

A

Lipids, Minerals, Vitamins, Protein, Carbohydrates, Fibre and water

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of carbohydrates

A

Starchy (complex) and sugary (simple)

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6
Q

What do carbohydrates do?

A

Provide energy

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7
Q

What do proteins do?

A

Used as building blocks. Helps with growth and repair. Your body uses it as energy after carbohydrates and lipids.

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8
Q

What do lipids do?

A

Provides helps with growth, energy, cell function, insulating nerve cells, vitamin transfer and steroid hormones.

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9
Q

What do vitamins do?

A

Help with growth and health of parts of the body

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10
Q

What do minerals do?

A

Help with growth and health of parts of the body

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11
Q

What does fibre do?

A

It provides bulk to food to keep it moving through the gut

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12
Q

What does water do?

A

It helps regulate temperature, keep the blood moving and helps with digestion

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13
Q

What is does the enzyme protease break down protein into

A

Amino acids

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14
Q

Where is protease made

A

Stomach, pancreas and small intestines.

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15
Q

What is carbohydrates broken down into?

A

Glucose

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16
Q

Where is amylase produced?

A

Salivary glands.

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17
Q

What are lipids broken down into?

A

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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18
Q

Where are lipases produced

A

Small intestine, pancreas, stomach and mouth

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19
Q

What is the test for starch?

A

Food in dimple plate, put iodine in it. Turns blue or black for lots of starch, stays orange if no starch

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20
Q

What is the order of body parts the food goes through in the digestive system?

A

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

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21
Q

What is mechanical digestion

A

Mechanical digestion is when something cuts or breaks something by touching it

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22
Q

What is chemical digestion

A

Chemical digestion is where enzymes break down the nutrients

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23
Q

What types of digestion is there in the mouth

A

Mechanical (teeth) and chemical (saliva using amylase)

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24
Q

What type of digestion does the stomach do?

A

Chemical digestion (acid)

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25
Q

What type of digestion is in the small intestine

A

Chemical (enzymes)

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26
Q

What does the gall bladder do?

A

Stores bile

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27
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Makes bile and sends it to the gall bladder

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28
Q

What does pancreas do

A

Makes enzymes

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29
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A
  • Holds bacteria that feed off fibre and produce lots of useful vitamins and transports undigestable food.
  • tranports food to the rectum
  • absorbs water
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30
Q

What are medicinal drugs used for?

A

Used in medicine, benefits your health if used properly, treats and cures illnesses, some have side effects,

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31
Q

What is an example of a medicinal drug

A

Ibuprofen, Parecetamol, antibiotics and cough mixture

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32
Q

What are recreational drugs used for

A

Taken for enjoyment, normally no benefits, many are harmful, many are illegal

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33
Q

Give an example of illegal recreational drugs

A

Herione, cocaine, anabolic steriods

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34
Q

Give an example of legal recreational drugs

A

Tobacco, alcohol, caffiene,

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35
Q

What is a drug

A

A drug is a chemical that effects the way your body or brain works

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36
Q

What is a long term effect of alcohol

A

Stomach ulcers, heart disease, reduced fertility, brain damage, liver damage.

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37
Q

What is the nutrient test for glucose?

A

Food in a test tube, 3 drops of benedicts solution. If glucose is present it will turn red for lots and yellow for a little.

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38
Q

What is the nutrient test for protein?

A

Food in test tubes, pippete 3 drops of biuret. If lots is present it will turn purple

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39
Q

What is the nutrient test for lipids?

A

Food in test tubes, pippette 3 drops ethanol. If lots is present it will look cloudy.

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40
Q

What does the oesophagus do?

A

It contracts and relaxes (peristalsis) to transport food.

41
Q

What does the rectum do?

A

Holds faeces

42
Q

What does the anus do?

A

Releases faeces

43
Q

What does vitamin c do?

A

It helps heal wounds and infections.

44
Q

What is Scurvy?

A

Caused by lack of vitamin C causes gums and teeth to be damaged

45
Q

What is rickets?

A

A disease that gives weak bones and teeth.

46
Q

What vitamin or mineral do you need to prevent Amonia

A

Iron

47
Q

What is malnutrition

A

Not the right quantity of nutrients

48
Q

What is the perfect temperature for enzymes

A

Around 40°C

49
Q

What illnesses can you get from smoking

A

Smokers cough, Heart disease, Cancer, Emphysema

50
Q

What is emphysema

A

When the alveoli in the lungs are damaged

51
Q

What is smokers cough

A

A mucus build up in the lungs due to the cilia not working.

52
Q

What is nicotine

A

The addictive chemical in a cigarette.

53
Q

What is Chronic Bronchitis

A

The inflamation of the airways after long term smoking

54
Q

What is a drug

A

A substance that when released into the body will cause an effect

55
Q

What is a recreational drug

A

A drug that people choose to take.

56
Q

What is a medicinal drug

A

A drug that is prescribed by a doctor

57
Q

What is a stimulant (upper)

A

A drug that increases alertness, reaction speed, heart rate and blood pressure. It also reduces appetite.

58
Q

What is a depressant (downer)

A

A drug that slows down reaction speed, decreases inhibitions, damages brain cells and relaxes the user.

59
Q

What is a pain killer?

A

A drug that interrupts signals from the nervous system to reduce pain.

60
Q

What is a performance enhancer?

A

A drug that lowers the damage of the muscles during a workout

61
Q

What is a hallucinogen

A

A drug that makes you hear or see things that aren’t there

62
Q

Give 3 examples of a stimulant

A

Caffeine, Cocaine, Ecstasy

63
Q

Give 3 examples of a depressent

A

Alchohol, Tranquilizers and solvents

64
Q

Give 3 examples of a pain killer

A

Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Aspirin

65
Q

Give 3 examples of a performance enhancer

A

Anabolic steroids, diuretics, beta-blockers

66
Q

Give 3 examples of a hallucinogen

A

LSD, Magic Mushrooms, Mescaline

67
Q

What might happen if you are underweight?

A
  • Poor immune system
  • Lack of energy
  • Lack of vitamins and minerals
68
Q

What might happen if you are overweight

A

Increased risk of
- Heart disease
- Stroke
- Diabetes
- Some cancers

69
Q

What might happen if you have a vitamin A defiecency?

A

Night blindness

70
Q

What disease do you get if you are deficient in vitamin D?

A

Rickets

71
Q

What effects can drinking large amounts over a long time have on the body?

A
  • Stomach ulcers
  • Heart disease
  • Reduced fertility
  • Brain damage
  • Liver damage (cirrhosis)
72
Q

What effects can drinking alcohol during pregnancy have?

A

Drinking during pregnancy increases the risk of
- Miscarriage
- Stillbirth
- Premature birth
- Low birth weight babies
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

73
Q

What does tar do to the body?

A

Clogs the linings of the lungs and alveoli, cancer-causing chemical.

74
Q

What does nicotine do to the body?

A

Keeps the body addicted to it.

75
Q

What does carbon monoxide do to the body?

A

Takes up space in red blood cells where oxygen would be stopping it from transporting oxygen

76
Q

What can long term smoking cause

A

Heart disease, emphysema, respitory infections, strokes, lung cancer.

77
Q

What is addiction?

A

When your body becomes used to the chemical changes caused by a drug and you need to take the drug to feel normal

78
Q

What is a withdrawal symptom?

A

When a person is addicted to a drug tries to stop taking it, they may suffer from sickness, nausea, stomach cramps, headaches, anxiety and sweating.

79
Q

What is the anus

A

The place of egestion and the release of faeces.

80
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

A diet that contains the right amount of each nutrient and the right amount of energy.

81
Q

What is a carbohydrase

A

The enzymes used to break down carbohydrates.

82
Q

What is a carbohydrate?

A

The nutrient that you should have the most of. It consists of bread, rice, pasta and more.

83
Q

What is carbon monoxide?

A

The gas with the chemical compound CO. It is a deadly gas as it stops the red blood cells from transporting oxygen.

84
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

Something that speeds up a chemical reaction with out being used.

85
Q

What is a deficiency?

A

When someone doesn’t have enough of something that helps their body

86
Q

What is digestion?

A

The breaking down of food into it respective nutrients

87
Q

What is the digestive system?

A

The system that breaks down and transports the food and turn it into nutrients.

88
Q

What is a drug?

A

Something that after use has an effect on the body.

89
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A biological catalyst that breaks down nutrients and food into smaller chemical conpounds for its different uses.

90
Q

What is fibre?

A

The nutrient that provides bulk to waste. Bacteria feed off it and release vitamins and minerals too.

91
Q

What is a food test?

A

A test to find out how much of a nutrient something has.

92
Q

What is the large intestine?

A

The organ that transports food, absorbs water and leads to the rectum ready for egestion

93
Q

What is a lipid?

A

The nutrient in fat and oils.

94
Q

What is a lipase?

A

The enzyme that breaks down lipids

95
Q

What is a nutrient?

A

The substance in food that can be broken down into different resources.

96
Q

What is the oesophagus?

A

The organ in the digestive system that pulses pushing down food into the stomach.

97
Q

What is the rectum?

A

The place that holds faeces. Leads to the anus

98
Q

What is the small intestine?

A

The site where most nutrients are absorbed into the blood. Waste matter is turned into faeces and lead into the large intestine.

Science (4 decks)

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