Y8 Health And Lifestyle Flashcards
What is respiration?
Respiration is the release of energy from glucose in the mitochondria
What is the word equation for respiration?
Oxygen + Glucose -> (energy) + Water + Carbon Dioxide
What is the symbol equation of respiration
6 O2 + C6H12O6 -> (energy) + 6 H2O + 6 CO2
What are the different types of nutrients?
Lipids, Minerals, Vitamins, Protein, Carbohydrates, Fibre and water
What are the 2 types of carbohydrates
Starchy (complex) and sugary (simple)
What do carbohydrates do?
Provide energy
What do proteins do?
Used as building blocks. Helps with growth and repair. Your body uses it as energy after carbohydrates and lipids.
What do lipids do?
Provides helps with growth, energy, cell function, insulating nerve cells, vitamin transfer and steroid hormones.
What do vitamins do?
Help with growth and health of parts of the body
What do minerals do?
Help with growth and health of parts of the body
What does fibre do?
It provides bulk to food to keep it moving through the gut
What does water do?
It helps regulate temperature, keep the blood moving and helps with digestion
What is does the enzyme protease break down protein into
Amino acids
Where is protease made
Stomach, pancreas and small intestines.
What is carbohydrates broken down into?
Glucose
Where is amylase produced?
Salivary glands.
What are lipids broken down into?
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Where are lipases produced
Small intestine, pancreas, stomach and mouth
What is the test for starch?
Food in dimple plate, put iodine in it. Turns blue or black for lots of starch, stays orange if no starch
What is the order of body parts the food goes through in the digestive system?
Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
What is mechanical digestion
Mechanical digestion is when something cuts or breaks something by touching it
What is chemical digestion
Chemical digestion is where enzymes break down the nutrients
What types of digestion is there in the mouth
Mechanical (teeth) and chemical (saliva using amylase)
What type of digestion does the stomach do?
Chemical digestion (acid)
What type of digestion is in the small intestine
Chemical (enzymes)
What does the gall bladder do?
Stores bile
What does the liver do?
Makes bile and sends it to the gall bladder
What does pancreas do
Makes enzymes
What does the large intestine do?
- Holds bacteria that feed off fibre and produce lots of useful vitamins and transports undigestable food.
- tranports food to the rectum
- absorbs water
What are medicinal drugs used for?
Used in medicine, benefits your health if used properly, treats and cures illnesses, some have side effects,
What is an example of a medicinal drug
Ibuprofen, Parecetamol, antibiotics and cough mixture
What are recreational drugs used for
Taken for enjoyment, normally no benefits, many are harmful, many are illegal
Give an example of illegal recreational drugs
Herione, cocaine, anabolic steriods
Give an example of legal recreational drugs
Tobacco, alcohol, caffiene,
What is a drug
A drug is a chemical that effects the way your body or brain works
What is a long term effect of alcohol
Stomach ulcers, heart disease, reduced fertility, brain damage, liver damage.
What is the nutrient test for glucose?
Food in a test tube, 3 drops of benedicts solution. If glucose is present it will turn red for lots and yellow for a little.
What is the nutrient test for protein?
Food in test tubes, pippete 3 drops of biuret. If lots is present it will turn purple
What is the nutrient test for lipids?
Food in test tubes, pippette 3 drops ethanol. If lots is present it will look cloudy.
What does the oesophagus do?
It contracts and relaxes (peristalsis) to transport food.
What does the rectum do?
Holds faeces
What does the anus do?
Releases faeces
What does vitamin c do?
It helps heal wounds and infections.
What is Scurvy?
Caused by lack of vitamin C causes gums and teeth to be damaged
What is rickets?
A disease that gives weak bones and teeth.
What vitamin or mineral do you need to prevent Amonia
Iron
What is malnutrition
Not the right quantity of nutrients
What is the perfect temperature for enzymes
Around 40°C
What illnesses can you get from smoking
Smokers cough, Heart disease, Cancer, Emphysema
What is emphysema
When the alveoli in the lungs are damaged
What is smokers cough
A mucus build up in the lungs due to the cilia not working.
What is nicotine
The addictive chemical in a cigarette.
What is Chronic Bronchitis
The inflamation of the airways after long term smoking
What is a drug
A substance that when released into the body will cause an effect
What is a recreational drug
A drug that people choose to take.
What is a medicinal drug
A drug that is prescribed by a doctor
What is a stimulant (upper)
A drug that increases alertness, reaction speed, heart rate and blood pressure. It also reduces appetite.
What is a depressant (downer)
A drug that slows down reaction speed, decreases inhibitions, damages brain cells and relaxes the user.
What is a pain killer?
A drug that interrupts signals from the nervous system to reduce pain.
What is a performance enhancer?
A drug that lowers the damage of the muscles during a workout
What is a hallucinogen
A drug that makes you hear or see things that aren’t there
Give 3 examples of a stimulant
Caffeine, Cocaine, Ecstasy
Give 3 examples of a depressent
Alchohol, Tranquilizers and solvents
Give 3 examples of a pain killer
Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Aspirin
Give 3 examples of a performance enhancer
Anabolic steroids, diuretics, beta-blockers
Give 3 examples of a hallucinogen
LSD, Magic Mushrooms, Mescaline
What might happen if you are underweight?
- Poor immune system
- Lack of energy
- Lack of vitamins and minerals
What might happen if you are overweight
Increased risk of
- Heart disease
- Stroke
- Diabetes
- Some cancers
What might happen if you have a vitamin A defiecency?
Night blindness
What disease do you get if you are deficient in vitamin D?
Rickets
What effects can drinking large amounts over a long time have on the body?
- Stomach ulcers
- Heart disease
- Reduced fertility
- Brain damage
- Liver damage (cirrhosis)
What effects can drinking alcohol during pregnancy have?
Drinking during pregnancy increases the risk of
- Miscarriage
- Stillbirth
- Premature birth
- Low birth weight babies
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
What does tar do to the body?
Clogs the linings of the lungs and alveoli, cancer-causing chemical.
What does nicotine do to the body?
Keeps the body addicted to it.
What does carbon monoxide do to the body?
Takes up space in red blood cells where oxygen would be stopping it from transporting oxygen
What can long term smoking cause
Heart disease, emphysema, respitory infections, strokes, lung cancer.
What is addiction?
When your body becomes used to the chemical changes caused by a drug and you need to take the drug to feel normal
What is a withdrawal symptom?
When a person is addicted to a drug tries to stop taking it, they may suffer from sickness, nausea, stomach cramps, headaches, anxiety and sweating.
What is the anus
The place of egestion and the release of faeces.
What is a balanced diet?
A diet that contains the right amount of each nutrient and the right amount of energy.
What is a carbohydrase
The enzymes used to break down carbohydrates.
What is a carbohydrate?
The nutrient that you should have the most of. It consists of bread, rice, pasta and more.
What is carbon monoxide?
The gas with the chemical compound CO. It is a deadly gas as it stops the red blood cells from transporting oxygen.
What is a catalyst?
Something that speeds up a chemical reaction with out being used.
What is a deficiency?
When someone doesn’t have enough of something that helps their body
What is digestion?
The breaking down of food into it respective nutrients
What is the digestive system?
The system that breaks down and transports the food and turn it into nutrients.
What is a drug?
Something that after use has an effect on the body.
What is an enzyme?
A biological catalyst that breaks down nutrients and food into smaller chemical conpounds for its different uses.
What is fibre?
The nutrient that provides bulk to waste. Bacteria feed off it and release vitamins and minerals too.
What is a food test?
A test to find out how much of a nutrient something has.
What is the large intestine?
The organ that transports food, absorbs water and leads to the rectum ready for egestion
What is a lipid?
The nutrient in fat and oils.
What is a lipase?
The enzyme that breaks down lipids
What is a nutrient?
The substance in food that can be broken down into different resources.
What is the oesophagus?
The organ in the digestive system that pulses pushing down food into the stomach.
What is the rectum?
The place that holds faeces. Leads to the anus
What is the small intestine?
The site where most nutrients are absorbed into the blood. Waste matter is turned into faeces and lead into the large intestine.
