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Music Revision > Y8 End of Year Revision > Flashcards

Y8 End of Year Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does Salsa music come from?

A

Cuba

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2
Q

What is the clave rhythm?

A

A 2:3/3:2 rhythm. It is used in Salsa music.

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3
Q

What is syncopation? (and how much of it does Salsa have?)

A

Notes that are off the beat. “accenting notes that would not normally be accented”. It puts accents/stresses on weak beats.
Salsa has a lot of syncopation. The clave rhythm is syncopation.

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4
Q

What instruments can be found in salsa? (List 9)

A

Congas, bongos, pianos, guiros, claves, double basses, trumpets, trombones, maracas.

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5
Q

What is the difference between congas and bongos?

A

Bongos are much shorter than congos, and played with fingers. They are higher-pitched than congos.
Congos are taller and played with the entire hand. They are lower-pitched.
Bongos are two drums connected to each other, but congas can be just two drums placed next to each other. Bongos have been around for much longer

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6
Q

Where does Gamelan originate from?

A

Indonesia, specifically Java and Bali

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7
Q

What does the word Gamelan refer to?

A

The style, but also the set of instruments

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8
Q

What does Gamelan accompany? (list 7)

A

Puppet theatre, theatre, worship, religious rituals,dance, singing, concerts,

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9
Q

What rules are there in relation to playing gamelan?

A

You must take off your shoes and not step over the instruments (this breaks the instrument’s connection to god)

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10
Q

What instruments are in gamelan? (List 10)

A

metallophones, gongs,kendang, gong-chimes, bamboo flutes, drums, cymbals, bowed strings, vocalists, siter

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11
Q

What are the bamboo flutes found in gamelan called?

A

Suling

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12
Q

What are the bowed strings in gamelan called?

A

Rebab

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13
Q

What genre is kendang from?

A

Gamelan

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14
Q

What are the two-octave mellophones in gamelan called?

A

Ugal

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15
Q

What are the names for male and female vocalists in gamelan called?

A

Gerong and Sindhen respectively

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16
Q

What are the three melodies in gamelan called? (list 3)

A

core, kenong, peking

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17
Q

What is gamelan music built on?

A

Ostinato

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18
Q

What is the plural of ostinato?

A

Ostinati

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19
Q

What instruments feature in african drumming?

A

Talking drum, djembe, dundun,

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20
Q

Which gamelan instrument is out of tune?

A

gongs

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21
Q

What scale is used in African drumming?

A

Pentatonic

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22
Q

What scale is used in gamelan?

A

Pentatonic

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23
Q

What does african drumming accompany? (List 5)

A

Births, weddings, funerals, communication between villages. In cities, cultural groups arrange performances for tourists.

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24
Q

What is the pentatonic scale, and what notes does it consist of?

A 
Five notes (penta-) 
the first, second, third, fifth and sixth notes of a major scale
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25
Q

What is heterophony, and which genre/s have it?

A

the simultaneous playing or singing of two of more versions of the same melody. it features in gamelan and african drumming

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26
Q

Who is the master drummer, and which genre/s have them?

A

The master drummer is the person in charge of the structure of the music. They are in african drumming and gamelan.

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27
Q

What is the talking drum, and why is it called that?

A

The talking drum can make a wide variety of sounds, which sounds like human speech. it is found in african drumming

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28
Q

How are gamelan and african drumming usually passed on?

A

By oral tradition- the music is not written down, but it is passed down by verbal teaching

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29
Q

What is call and response, and what genre/s have it?

A

Call and response is where a lead player plays/sings a phrase and a group of singers/players “respond” to it with the same phrase or a different answering phrase. it features in african drumming and gamelan.

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30
Q

Where did minimalism originate, and when?

A

In the USA in the 1960s.

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31
Q

How is minimalism generated?

A

From a couple of simple ideas repeated many times.

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32
Q

Key composers of minimalism: (List 3)

A

Steve Reich, Philip Glass, John Adams

33
Q

What is minimalism based off?

A

Ostinati, repeating patterns of notes and rhythms.

34
Q

What is another name for ostinati in minimalism?

A

Loops (when technology is used to make the phrases repeat)

35
Q

What is polyphonic texture and which genres can it be found in?

A

Polyphonic texture is two or more simlutaneous lines of independant melody. It is used in minimalism

36
Q

What texture is found in minimalism?

A

polyphonic texture

37
Q

What is phase shifting?

A

Phase shifting is where two players play the same melody, but every time it loops one player plays a rest, making them more out of time.

38
Q

What is metamorphosis?

A

Repeating a phrase and changing one note at a time until is it a completely different phrase.

39
Q

What is rhythic augmentation?

A

Lengthening all the notes in a phrase by an equal amount

40
Q

What is rhythic diminution?

A

Shortening all the notes in a phrase by an equal amount

41
Q

What is note addition?

A

When a note is added to an ostinato every time it repeats

42
Q

What is fusion music?

A

Where two musical styles of genres are merged, creating a new genre

43
Q

What is the chaal rhythm?

A

A rhythm used in indian music

44
Q

What structure does Bhangra use?

A

Verse-chorus

45
Q

What is sampling?

A

Reusing sections of music in another piece.

46
Q

What is bhangra?

A

A fusion of hindi film music and punjab folk music

47
Q

What is folk rock?

A

A fusion of rock music and

48
Q

What instruments are used in folk rock? (List 8)

A

Mandolin, piano, banjo, fiddle, electric guitar, bass guitar, acoustic guitar, drums

49
Q

What is musical theatre?

A

It combines, music, theatre, songs and dance

50
Q

What are some famous musical composers?

A

Steven Sondheim, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Frank Loesser, Tim Minchim, Lin-Manuel Miranda,

51
Q

How is a musical different from a play with music?

A

the songs are just as important as the other elements of the production

52
Q

What are the three types of musical?

A

Book musical, juekbox musical, concept musical

53
Q

What is a book musical?

A

A musical with a strong story driven by the songs

54
Q

What is a jukebox musical?

A

A story constructed around the songs of a band or artist

55
Q

What is a concept musical?

A

A musical where the overall message is more important than the story

56
Q

What types of songs are found in musicals? (List 10)

A

overture, recitative, aria, reprise, duet, ensemble, company, dance, finale,solo

57
Q

What is an overture?

A

A song that opens the production

58
Q

What is a recitative?

A

A song that moves the plot along, often with spoken dialogue

59
Q

What is an aria?

A

An aria is a song where a character expresses their feelings

60
Q

What is a finale?

A

A finale is the last song in a musica

61
Q

What is a company?

A

A company features the whole cast

62
Q

What is a reprise?

A

A sample of a previous song sung earlier in the show

63
Q

What is an ensemble?

A

An ensemble features only characters with sung solo lines

64
Q

What are the key roles involved in making a musical? (List 12)

A

composer, librettist,choreographer, director, musical director, producer, actors, singers,dancers, costume team, make-up team, tech crew, stage manager, front of
house, publicity team

65
Q

What is a librettist?

A

Someone who composes the lyrics for a musical or opera, including the songs

66
Q

What are the types of singer? (list 4)

A

Soprano, alto, tenor, bass

67
Q

How do you work out a major chord?

A

Count 4 steps up, then 3

68
Q

How do you work out a minor chord?

A

Count 3 steps up, then 4

69
Q

what is an sforzando?

A

a sudden accent (sfz)

70
Q

What is the order of tempo words? (fasted to slowest, list 7)

A

Presto, vivace, allegro, moderato, andante, adagio,largo

71
Q

What does presto mean?

A

Very fast. The fastest tempo word.

72
Q

What does allegro mean?

A

Fast. Second-fasted tempo word

73
Q

What does moderato mean?

A

Moderate speed. Third-fasted tempo word

74
Q

What does andante mean?

A

Moderate walking speed. The fourth-fasted tempo word.

75
Q

What does adagio mean?

A

Slow (literally “at ease”). The second slowest tempo word

76
Q

What does largo mean?

A

Slow and solemn. The slowest tempo word

77
Q

What is harmony?

A

How pitches work together when two or more are played at the same time

78
Q

What does consonant mean?

A

in agreement or harmony with.

79
Q

What does dissonant mean?

A

lacking harmony/ unsuitable or unusual in combination; clashing.

Music Revision (3 decks)

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