Y3 Reading and Analysis/Reasoning + Culture Flashcards
What are the 8 concepts of the Paul’s wheel of analysis/reasoning?
- Question at issue
- purpose
-inferences - evidence / data
- implications and consequences
- assumptions
- concepts
-POV
What does the question at issue mean for the Paul’s wheel of analysis/reasoning?
You need to ask yourself questions like what is this about? Can it be crafted to a question? What is the writer/speaker trying to express?
What does purpose mean for the Paul’ wheel of analysis/ reasoning and what are the words usually used to describe the purpose?
Purpose means why create this text, video or speech.
Some common words to describe purpose include:
- share the problems and risks to social media
- raise awareness on this issue
- call to action
-convince
- critically examine (criticise)
What does inferences mean for the Paul’s wheel of analysis/reasoning?
Inferences are what you can infer based on the text or speech or video etc to find out what the creator’s intent. (Something not openly said by the creator)
PACC governs your use of ___________ which includes your word ____, sentence ______ and the ___________ of your text.
PACC governs your use of language which includes your word choice, sentence structure, tone and register and the organisation of your text.
Ensure that you use the appropriate words so that the audience will understand what one is talking about.
The switching of your tone and language—> code switching
What are the different types of evidence/data?
It can be divided into two categories, qualitative and quantitative. Quantitative are mostly data and obtain from statistics in order to make comparison between the past and present generation, while qualitative involves real examples, expert’s testimony etc which can serve as evidence.
What does concepts mean in the Paul’s wheel of analysis/reasoning?
Concepts means certain things that one should unpack due to the assumption that the reader does not know the meaning of that concepts.
It is important not to assume that the reader know the meaning of the concept.
So you need to ask yourself questions
What concept do the readers need to know in order to fully appreciate the text.
What does implications and consequences mean for the Paul’s wheel of analysis/reasoning?
Implications and consequences, in the case of a text for example, means what will the readers need to know in order to fully appreciate the text?
Rephrase the implications and consequences of this statement.
To discourage Gen Z from their excessive usage of social media.
As a result, Gen Z would rethink about their usage for social media.
What is culture?
Culture involves many concepts such as
- human diversity
- attire
- opinions/views
- beliefs
- controversial
- practices
- affected by environment and resources
- span across a period of time and having a group of people practicing it
- food (what you can and cannot eat)
-traditions practiced by a group of people
- generational issues concerning teenagers for e.g.
- generational
- controversial
- language (slangs, generation’s language)
- teaches us our core values and the values shape our personality
- it is systematic and integrated (is stable over the years but not stagnant
What will culture affect?
Culture will affect one’s behaviours, language (communication) for e.g. different generations uses different languages
What will affect culture?
Changing norms, beliefs, gender equality (changing norms), dominant culture
Rules and laws—> affected by government—> but why did the government choose to implement/ enforce these laws?
It is due to modernisation—> freedom of speech (social media)—> influence your thinking and language—> technological advancement —> globalisation which is the bigger umbrella (import and export both physical things and ideas) as well as colonisation—> for e.g. we have to learn languages of the people having the colony, for e.g. the white people tell you what to eat or wear, the Dutch etc
And these three:
Diffusion: borrowing of traits between cultures.
Acculturation: exchange of cultural features that results from long-term exposure between cultures. (deeper cultural exchange than diffusion)
Independent invention: a society where new ideas, practices, or technologies are developed creatively by individuals or groups within that culture, without significant influence or copying from external sources,
Do we say costume of a tradition?
No, it is derogatory.
What are some examples of abnormal tradition/culture? Explain why and how you feel.
Eating dead people’s ashes
- unconventional
- feel disgusting and weird
- elderly abandoned on a lonely iceberg
- cruel
May be due to the environmental and living condition so no one can take care of them
No space to bury
They perhaps feel no point in feeding people who are going to be dead
The long neck tradition
- confused between the r/s of a long neck and beauty
- negative impact on their health (unnatural, affect your breathing and your =ability to consume)
- societal beliefs on beauty is unreasonable in this case
Foot binding tradition
- deformed the feet, the king, men wants the women to be subservient :(
SAD
Cultural practices
- evolve
- are not permanent
- affected by dominant culture
Walking on iron coal with barefoot for his pregnant wife
Masai Spitting tradition
mice served as food (given by the host to the visitor)
What would you possibly do?
- don’t be offensive to the host—> do not show your ethnocentrism
What is the difference between enculturation and acculturation?
Enculturation is the lifelong process of learning one’s native culture, while acculturation involves adapting to a new culture when exposed to it. Enculturation begins at birth and is primarily subconscious. Acculturation occurs consciously when individuals interact with a different culture.
Enculturation unifies people. True or False?
True. The meaning of enculturation is the lifelong process of learning one’s native culture and by learning one’s native culture, each individual would be able to develop their identity which is similar to the rest of the people in the country, thus creating a sense of belonging and comfort.
What is the definition of a generation by a sociologist?
4 years is a generation
Culture is a __________ behaviour.
learned
Each child goes through a process of _______ when he/she grows up in a culture.
Children learn by ___________ the behaviour of people in their surroundings including the recognition of symbols.
Each child goes through a process of enculturation when he/she grows up in a culture.
Children learn by observing the behaviour of people in their surroundings including the recognition of symbols.
Why do cultures have to be adaptable and dynamic?
Cultures have to be adaptable or it will be extinct or irrelevant.
People who are ethnocentric _____________________…
People who are ethnocentric apply their own values in judging the behaviour and beliefs of other people raised in other cultures.
Ethnocentrism contributes to __________________ and can ________________. However it can _____________ and also _____________________.
Ethnocentrism contributes to social solidarity and a sense of value and community. However, it also fuels conflict. however, it also fuels conflict. Ethnocentrism can unite people together. Ethnocentrism can cause misunderstanding and alienation due to disrespect.
What are the three levels of culture?
National, International and subculture.
What does the “national” level of culture mean?
National: learned behavioural patterns, beliefs, values and institutions shared by the citizens of a nation.
What does the “international” level of culture mean?
International: Cultural traditions that expand beyond cultural boundaries.
What does the “subculture” level of culture mean?
Subculture: different traditions practised by groups set within a larger culture. Frequently regionally based.
Unpack this question.
How useful or relevant is culture in the 21st century? Discuss.
For the word:
Useful—> unity, comfort, soft skills, perhaps in terms of EQ etc
Relevant—> a way in which culture including behavioural patterns, beliefs and values are exchanged (acculturation)
Culture—> govern/shape people’s behaviour and actions, encompasses many aspects. Mould one’s identity or allow one to understand their identity
21st century—> modern era —> technology—> accessible information —> changing values—> changing norms. Many teenagers and generations are influenced by social media which links to acculturation ( a way in which culture including behavioural patterns, beliefs and values are exchanged). There is also migration, immigration and emigration which suggest the exchange in practices and values.
