Y2 Revision

Question 1

what is haemosiderin

Answer 1

= insoluble iron storage molecule

= ferritin + denatured proteins + lipids

Question 2

what is the pathophysiology behind hereditary haemochromatosis

Answer 2

= auto rec
= XS dietary fe absorption (=> HFE > v fe affinity of transferrin)
= > fe accumulation > organ dysfunction

Question 3

clinical signs of osteoporosis

Answer 3

LOSS = 
loss of joint space
osteophytes
subchondral cysts
subchondral sclerosis

Question 4

clinical signs of rheumoatoid arthiritis

Answer 4

LESSS =
loss of joint space
erosion
soft tissue swelling
soft bone osteopaenia
sublexation

Question 5

causes of secondary osteoarthritis

Answer 5

fracture / trauma
diabetes (NV impairment)
inflammation (RA)
gout (monosodium urate crystal deposits)

Question 6

explain the pathology behind DM weight loss

Answer 6

hypoglycaemia > weight loss
v glucose uptake
> lipolysis / proteolysis to generate energy

Question 7

explain the pathology behind DM polyuria

Answer 7

^ glucose in blood & x glucose reuptake in kidneys

> ^ osmolality > water OUT > ^ urine prod

Question 8

describe the pathology behind diabetic keto acidosis

Answer 8

hyperglycaemia > lypolysis (acetyl CoA > ketone bodies) => glycogen & ketone bodies
> H+ ions = acidosis > v pH > metabolic acidosis

Question 9

describe the signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis

Answer 9

fruity breath
hyperventilation
nausea
vomiting
dehydration