y12 End of Years

Question 1

Methods of obtaining requirements from stakeholders

Answer 1

Structured + unstructured interviews
Questionaires

Question 2

Structured Interviews

Answer 2

strictly standardised and prescribed
set of prepared questions
same manner and order to each stakeholder

Question 3

unstructured interviews

Answer 3

flexible
stakeholders encouraged to express thoughts and beliefs freely

but sometimes yield data too difficult to summarise, evaluation or perform

Question 4

what is survey methodology?

Answer 4

Refers to a domain of applied statistics that focuses on taking samples from a population, as well as imporoving on the various data collection techniques

Question 5

restricted requetsioareis

Answer 5

yes or no
short answer question
box checking
facilitates statical analysis

Question 6

unrestricted questionnaires

Answer 6

greater depth of responses
makes it difficult to analswtuse or interpret
makes statical analysis impossible

Question 7

what do questionaries gurantee>

Answer 7

uniformity of questions
yield data is easier to compare
saves time
cost efficient
can reach a lot of stakeholders quickly

but stakeholders may not respond at all

Question 8

direct observation of current processes

Answer 8

spending time in different departments
study where different procedures and processes could be more efficient
where possible bottlenecks may be present
makes the collection of different types of data possible

Question 9

what is a prototype?

Answer 9

working or non-working preliminary version of the final product
or a simple version of the final system used in design phase
to demonstrate how the final phase will work

Question 10

what does the prototype?

Answer 10

attracts the attention of the client
encourages them to use and get a feel for it
provides just enough of the concept for investors to decide if they want it or not
encourages active participation between users and developers
gives an idea of the final product
helps in the identification of problems with the efficient or the design
increases system development speed

Question 11

What is a CPU?

Answer 11

processes basic data and instructions in the process phase of input, process output

hardware component of computer system
can perform basic arithmetic and logic operations

Question 12

What is an operating system?

Answer 12

a set of software that controls a computer’s hardware and provides services for computer programs
acts as an intermediary between software and hardware

Question 13

what are the main services that an operating system provides?

Answer 13

peripheral communication
memory management
resource monitoring and multi-tasking
networking
disk access and data management
security

Question 14

memory management

Answer 14

OS manages how memory is used in applications
ensures that one application does not interfere with memory being used by another application
if it does, it could lead to the latter to stop functioning or data being erased or overwritten

Question 15

colour representation

Answer 15

monitors use pixels to display information

Question 16

what is a pixel

Answer 16

smallest controllable element in the display
every pixel is only one colour
each pixel stores data about its state and colour in a memory location

Question 17

how is each colour represented

Answer 17

hexadecimal value of two digits
RBG hex representation

Question 18

what is a data packet?

Answer 18

portion of a message that is transmitted through a network
contains data such as check digits and destination address

Question 19

what comprises a computer network?

Answer 19

two or more computer systems that are connected and are able to communicate and exchange data

Question 20

LAN

Answer 20

connects devices over a small gerographical area
eg school, home
usually have a high data transfer rate

Question 21

what mode of operation is commonly used in a LAN?

Answer 21

client server
allows for a signle computer to act as a server and be responsible for supplying data to the clients in the network

Question 22

what does a LAN allow?

Answer 22

sharing of peripheral devices
eg printers + scanners
can be used by any device connected to the network
eliminates the need to buy individual peripheral devices

Question 23

WLAN

Answer 23

same as LAN but wireless
less secure
allows mobile phones and laptops to be connected so you can move around
uses wifi
radio waves

Question 24

similarities between LAN and WLAN

Answer 24

both act on local level
both allow communication
sharing of resources
connect devices

Question 25

differences between LAN and WLAN

Answer 25

different transmission medium
LAN is faster and safer
WLAN offers greater flexibility

Question 26

linear search

Answer 26

simple
brute force
compares every term to search item

Question 27

binary search

Answer 27

an algorithm searching method used only in sorted arrays
relies on a divide and conquer strategy
in every search iteration, half of the elements of the array are eliminated as possible solutions
very efficient for large arrays
its performance makes it ideal when resorting is not required

Question 28

steps in binary search

Answer 28

c
ompares the search value with the value of the middle element of the array
if the values match, the value is found
if search value < middle element. Algorithm discards the right and repeats the action to the left of the sub-array to the left of the middle element
if the search value > middle item, vice versa
if the remaining array to be search is empty, then the value is not found

Question 29

VPN

Answer 29

virtual private network
creates ‘tunnelled’ network connection through internet or other private network
establishes secure connections
enables a device to exchange data across the internet as if it was directly connected to a private connected

Question 30

VPN lan/wan

Answer 30

allows clients from remote locations to connect to the network
managed through server - software application

Question 31

VPN benefits

Answer 31

easier commincaiotion
companies take advantage of the internet to provide secure connections
decreases operational costs vs trad WANs
improves overall productivity
improves productivity of remote employees
offers employees felxibity
global networking oppurtnies
teleworker support
reduces environmental footprint
travel time for remote workers
simplifies network topologies for administrators and companies

Question 32

concurrent processing

Answer 32

execution of different instructions simultaneously by different processors to achieve best performance

Question 33

concurrent processing simplified

Answer 33

programs are broken down into procedures and then sub-procedures
assigned to a different processing units to perform simluatenously

Question 34

sequential processing

Answer 34

execution of all sub-procedures one after the other
by a single processing unit

Question 35

methods of preventing data loss

Answer 35

regular back up of files using hard disks or magnetic tapes

Question 36

what can be used for fast backup and data storage

Answer 36

removable media
used for fast data backup and storage
eg DVD Blu-ray
non voalite
can store data permanently

Question 37

WPA2

Answer 37

Wireslles protected access
uses AES advanced encryption standard block cypher
considered to be the best protection

Question 38

MAC addresses

Answer 38

Media access control
static address
associated with specific device
router will only accept messages saved from the database

Question 39

authenticity

Answer 39

user providing identity to gain access to a computer system behind reasonable doubt
requiring more than one independent factor
increases the difficulty of providing false credentials

Question 40

protocols

Answer 40

a set of rules that governs the transmission of data

Question 41

TCP/IP

Answer 41

transmission protocols and connects to the internet
communication protocols used to connect hosts on int internet

Question 42

why are protocols required for communication?

Answer 42

presence of:
an identified sender
an identified receiver
an agreed upon method of communication
grammar
language
speed
confirmation of acknolwdgemnt of requirements

Question 43

Control unit

Answer 43

operation of CPU
controls the retrieval of instruction from the primary memory as well as the sequence of their execution
providing ALU with data that needs to be processed as well as the instructions of how the data should be processed
contains registers

Question 44

ALU

Answer 44

mathematical operations; logic imput/output

Question 45

MDR

Answer 45

memory data register
stores instruction about to be used by the CPU
all saved to RAM
wihcver address MAR is holding, corresponding is loaded onto MDR, then sent to all
after processing, goes back to MDR
data copied to memory address location in RAM, specified by MAR

Question 46

MAR

Answer 46

memory address register
holds address about to be used by the CPU
so that the ALU can fetch the corresponding content from memory and process it accordingly
may also hold the memory address of where data has been processed will need to be stored

Question 47

address bus

Answer 47

connect MAR to RAM/ primary memory

Question 48

data bys

Answer 48

RAM and MDR

Question 49

fetch

Answer 49

CPU sends approporatie address
instruction is copied onto data bus and sent to CPU

Question 50

decode

Answer 50

instruction is decoded
required data that needs to be loaded from RAM is fetched
on address bus

Question 51

execute

Answer 51

CPU calucautes result
stores in memory
address specific with address bus
data sent with data bus
checks for next instruction
repeat