Y10 Topic 1-bonding

Question 0

Why do ionic substances have such high melting/boiling points?

Answer 0

Ionic substances have high melting and boiling points as they have full outer shells meaning they have strong electrostatic forces which you need a lot of energy to break .

Question 1

What are the three types of bonding

Answer 1

Covalent bonding
Ionic bonding
Metallic bonding

Question 2

Why can ionic substances only conduct electricity when they are in a liquid state ?

Answer 2

This is because ionic substances have weaker electrostatic forces when they are liquid and so the electrons are free to move around and pass on charge

Question 3

Can ionic substances conduct electricity in a solid state

Answer 3

No , as the electrostatic force is too strong so the electrons aren’t free to move or pass on charge

Question 4

How many electrons does an element have if it is in:
A) group 3
B)group 4
C)group 7

Answer 4

A)3
B)4
C)7

Question 5

Name the diatomic elements

Answer 5

All of group 7

And oxygen , hydrogen , nitrogen

Question 6

Name the 3 types of subatomic particles

Answer 6

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Question 7

What is an ion

Answer 7

An ion is an atom that has lost or gained electrons

Question 8

What are electrostatic forces

Answer 8

An extremely strong force between 2 oppositely charged ions which can make it very hard to separate them. (Also the force between nucleus and electrons that keeps an atom together)

Question 9

Ionic bonding occurs between…?

Answer 9

Metals and non metals

Question 10

What is a covalent bond

Answer 10

A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons

Question 11

What is a molecule

Answer 11

A particle made from atoms joined by a covalent bond

Question 12

What are the properties of a giant covalent structure?

Answer 12

Diamond - high melting/boiling points
V strong carbon bonds
Does not conduct electricity

Graphite - v slippery b/c of gaps between layers of atoms
Solid
Conducts electricity

Question 13

Why can graphite conduct electricity?

Answer 13

Because each carbon is only bonded to 3 other carbons so there are free electrons along its layers of atoms to conduct electricity

Question 14

What is an allotrope & give an example

Answer 14

A substance which is made from the same atom as another substance however it’s molecular structure is very different eg diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon

Question 15

Why is graphite sometimes used as a lubricant?

Answer 15

Graphite is bonded by covalent bond, so it has weak intermolecular forces and is also arranged in sheets of hexagonal units which have gaps between layers which makes it easy for layers to slide off so graphite would be slippery and soft enough to act as a lubricant.

Question 16

Can diamond conduct electricity?

Answer 16

No as it has no free electrons

Question 17

Why would fluorine have a low boiling point ?

Answer 17

It is a simple molecular structure and therefore has weak intermolecular forces which require small amounts of energy to break

Question 18

What are carbon , silicon dioxide and diamond?

Answer 18

Giant atomic structures

Question 19

What do sodium and chlorine react together to make?

Answer 19

Salt ( NaCl )

Question 20

What does fullerene mean?

Answer 20

The fullerenes are a large class of allotropes of carbon and are made of balls, ‘cages’ or tubes of carbon atoms

Question 21

What is a catalyst?

Answer 21

A substance that speeds up a reaction by providing an alternative route with a lower activation energy and does not get used up in the process.

Question 22

Metallic bonding occurs between …?

Answer 22

Metals and metals

Question 23

When metals are bonded together what do they make?

Answer 23

A sea of delocalised electrons and an array of positive ions

Question 24

What are the properties of metallic bonds?

Answer 24

High melting and boiling points - b/c metallic bonds are v strong
Conduct electricity and heat- b/c free electrons can move an carry a charge/heat through the metal
Malleable and ductile

Question 25

What happens to the strength of the metal when run and copper are bonded to make bronze alloy?

Answer 25

When different sized metallic atoms are bonded ( copper+tin ) , alloy becomes stronger as the atoms can no longer slide over each other making it less bendy ( malleable ).

Question 26

What are the uses of diamonds and why

Answer 26

They are shiny or lustrous so can be used to make jewellery they also are hard so don’t break

Diamonds are extremely hard so are used in cutting tools such the tips of metal discs that cut concrete or bricks

Question 27

What are the uses of graphite and why

Answer 27

Lubricant- bike oil- because of the weak IMF

In pencils- because layers slip off easily

Question 28

Name a giant atomic structure

Answer 28

Sodium chloride

Question 29

What is a giant atomic structure

Answer 29

A 3D lattice arranged in a regular way held together by the strong electrostatic forces between the oppositely charged ions

Question 30

How can you know which compound would be harder to break apart/would have higher electrostatic forces

Answer 30

If it has a higher negative or positive charge