Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A-Level Physical Education (EDUQAS) > Y1 - Energy Systems and Their Application to Sport & Training Principles > Flashcards

Y1 - Energy Systems and Their Application to Sport & Training Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Which molecule needs to be broken down to create energy movement?

A

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which enzyme breaks down ATP?

A

ATPase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three main energy systems used in sport/exercise?

A
  1. ATP-PC system
  2. Lactic Acid system (Anaerobic Glycolysis)
  3. Aerobic system (oxidative system)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When ATP is broken down, what is the energy used for during exercise?

A

To power muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is ATP broken down into?

A

ADP + P + Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which energy systems fall under the “anaerobic pathway”

A

ATP-PC system & Lactic Acid system (Anaerobic Glycolysis),

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which energy system works within the presence of oxygen?

A

Aerobic system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the basic role of each energy system?

A

To replenish/resynthesise ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What factors determine which energy system is predominantly used to replenish ATP during exercise?

A
  1. Intensity
  2. Duration
  3. Fitness levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the primary fuel source (substrate) for the ATP-PC system?

A

Phosphocreatine (PC).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the primary fuel source (substrate) for the Lactic Acid System?

A

Glucose / Muscle Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which enzyme can detect high levels of ADP?

A

Creatine Kinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the fuel sources (substrates) used during aerobic respiration

A
  1. Glycogen (Carbohydrates)
  2. Lipids/FFA (Fats)
  3. Amino Acids (Protein)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long does the ATP-PC system last for?

A

Up to ~12 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What intensity is the ATP-PC system predominantly used in?

A

Very high / maximal (90-100% maximum effort)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What duration events is the ATP-PC system predominantly used in?

A

Very short (up to ~12 seconds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is PC broken down into?

A

Phosphate. (P) + Creatine (C) + Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When PC is broken down, what is the energy used for?

A

To IMMEDIATELY resynthesise ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Outline, at least, 3 advantages of the ATP-PC system

A
  1. Immediate Energy Supply (rapid ATP turnover)
  2. No Oxygen Required
  3. Simple Chemical Reaction: The breakdown of phosphocreatine (PC) is a one-step process
  4. Phosphocreatine stores can replenish rapidly during recovery
  5. Produces NO fatiguing by-products
  6. Supports Maximum Power Output
  7. Highly Effective for Short Duration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Outline, at least, 3 disadvantages of the ATP-PC system

A
  1. Low energy yield (1 ATP per 1 PC breakdown)
  2. PC stores are limited
  3. Requires O2 to replenish PC stores (part of alactacid debt - EPOC)
  4. Inefficient for Long Duration events
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Identify 3 sporting events that use the ATP-PC system predominantly?

A
  1. 100m sprint
  2. Triple Jump
  3. Hammer throw
  4. Long jUMP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How long does the lactic acid system system last for?

A

12 seconds - 3 minutes (but peaks at 1 minute)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What intensity is the lactic acid system predominantly used in?

A

High-intensity (80-90% of maximum effort)

24
Q

What duration events is the lactic acid system predominantly used in?

A

Short-medium (12 seconds - 3 minutes)

25
Q

What is muscle glycogen broken down into?

A

Glucose

26
Q

What is glucose broken down into?

A

2 Pyruvate / pyruvic acid

27
Q

During anaerobic glycolysis, what does pyruvate convert into and why?

A

Lactic Acid due to no oxygen present

28
Q

What does lactic acid dissociate into?

A

Lactate and H⁺ (hydrogen ions) in the body/muscles

29
Q

What is the primary cause of muscular fatigue during anaerobic exercise?

A

Accumulation of H+ ions

30
Q

What does an increase in H+ ions cause?

A
  1. A drop in muscle pH, leading to muscular fatigue
  2. A “burning” sensation during intense exercise, with causes musclular discomfort
31
Q

Why is lactate NOT harmful to the performer?

A

Because it can be re-used as an energy source (e.g., in the liver via the Cori cycle)

32
Q

Outline, at least, 3 advantages of the Lactic Acid System

A
  1. Fairly rapid ATP Production (quicker than aerobic metabolism) -making it effective for high-intensity activities lasting 10-90 seconds, such as a 400m sprint.
  2. No Oxygen Requirement
  3. Utilises Stored Glycogen - uses readily available glycogen in muscles and the liver as its primary fuel, allowing for continued energy supply during short bursts of activity.
33
Q

Outline, at least, 3 disadvantages of the Lactic Acid System

A
  1. Accumulation of fatiguing by-products - e.g., H⁺ Ions - which lowers muscle pH, interfering with enzyme activity and muscle contractions, leading to muscular fatigue.
  2. Short Duration of Effectiveness.- approximately 10-90 seconds of intense activity before fatigue sets in
  3. Limited ATP Yield: The lactic acid system produces only 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, which is much less efficient compared to the aerobic system.
34
Q

Identify 3 sporting events that use the lactic acid system predominantly?

A
  1. 400m sprint
  2. 100m swim
  3. Track Cycling (Pursuit Events).e.g., 1km time trial
35
Q

How many ATP are resynthesised as a result of the lactic acid system / anaerobic glycolysis?

A

2

36
Q

What is the first process of aerobic respiration known as when breakdown carbohydrate/glycogen?

A

Glycolysis

37
Q

What are the three stages of aerobic respiration?

A

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain (ETC).

38
Q

Where does glycolysis occur (anaerobically & aerobically), and what is its main product?

A

Glycolysis occurs in the sarcoplasm and produces pyruvate (plus a net gain of 2 ATP being resynthesised)

39
Q

How long does the aerobic system system last for?

A

Can last for an indefinite period (over 3+ mins) - as long as there is a continuous supply of oxygen and energy substrates (carbohydrates, fats, and, in extreme cases, proteins).

40
Q

What intensity is the aerobic system predominantly used in?

A

Moderate to low-intensity exercise

41
Q

What duration events is the lactic acid system predominantly used in?

A

Used in long-duration, most effective during activities lasting over 3 minutes

42
Q

What happens to pyruvate in aerobic respiration and why?

A

Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria - due to the presence of oxygen

43
Q

How many ATP is produced within the Krebs cycle?

A

2 ATP per glucose molecule, following a series of chemical reactions

44
Q

How many ATP is produced within the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) ?

A

Approximately 34 ATP

45
Q

What are the by-products of aerobic respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O).

46
Q

What is the role of oxygen in the aerobic system?

A

It acts as the final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport Chain, allowing ATP production.

47
Q

How much ATP is produced during aerobic respiration from one glucose molecule?

A

36-38 ATP

48
Q

During prolonged exercise (e.g., an ultra-marathon), what energy stores are used in aerobic respiration?

A

Glycogen, fatty acids, and (in extreme cases) amino acids.

49
Q

Outline, at least, 3 advantages of the Aerobic System

A
  1. Sustained Energy Production - produce energy for long durations
  2. High ATP Yield - 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule
  3. Can utilise fat as fuel: can use fat as a primary energy source, especially during low-to-moderate intensity activities.
50
Q

Outline, at least, 3 disadvantages of the Aerobic System

A
  1. Slower ATP Production - takes longer to produce ATP compared to anaerobic systems (like the ATP-PC and lactic acid systems),
  2. Dependence on Oxygen - relies on a steady supply of oxygen, which limits its effectiveness during high-intensity activities like sprinting
  3. Limited for Short-Duration, High-Intensity Efforts - the aerobic system is not designed to support short-duration, maximal efforts (lasting less than 2 minutes).
51
Q

Identify 3 sporting events that use the aerobic system predominantly?

A
  1. Marathon and ultra-marathons
  2. Long Distance Cycling (Road Racing)
  3. Triathlon (swimming, cycling, and running)
  4. Cross-Country Skiing
52
Q

Does one energy system work at a time?

A

No. All energy systems are active, where they interchange and the predominant system used depends on intensity, duration or fitness level of the performer.

53
Q

How can the “fitness level: of the performer affect the predominant energy system being used?

A
  1. higher aerobic fitness - performer can delay anaerobic threshold and stay in the aerobic zone.system for longer
  2. Higher anaerobic fitness - higher tolerance to lactic acid /lactate allows the performer to work in the lactic acid system for longer (stay in anaerobic zone)
  3. higher aerobic fitness - allows for quicker resynthesis of PC stores between short, intensity bouts
54
Q

Explain why it is important for coaches to understand energy systems when designing training programmes?

A

Tailored Training - Understanding the energy systems allows coaches to design workouts that target specific systems (e.g., aerobic, anaerobic glycolysis or ATP-PC) based on the demands of the sport, ensuring that athletes develop the necessary energy pathways for optimal performance, and receive appropriate rest and recovery periods.

55
Q

What factors affect the food-fuel usage (substrate utilisation) during exercise?

A
  1. Intensity
  2. Duration
  3. Fitness levels
56
Q

Do carbohydrates or fats yield more energy?

A

Fats

57
Q

Using the energy continuum, what percentages (approx.) does each energy system contribute towards overall energy production during a 1500m race?

A

60% = aerobic system
30% = lactic acid system
10% = ATP-PC

A-Level Physical Education (EDUQAS) (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions