Y1 - Energy Systems and Their Application to Sport & Training Principles

Question 1

Which molecule needs to be broken down to create energy movement?

Answer 1

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Question 2

Which enzyme breaks down ATP?

Answer 2

ATPase

Question 3

What are the three main energy systems used in sport/exercise?

Answer 3

1. ATP-PC system
2. Lactic Acid system (Anaerobic Glycolysis)
3. Aerobic system (oxidative system)

Question 4

When ATP is broken down, what is the energy used for during exercise?

Answer 4

To power muscle contraction

Question 5

What is ATP broken down into?

Answer 5

ADP + P + Energy

Question 6

Which energy systems fall under the “anaerobic pathway”

Answer 6

ATP-PC system & Lactic Acid system (Anaerobic Glycolysis),

Question 7

Which energy system works within the presence of oxygen?

Answer 7

Aerobic system.

Question 8

What is the basic role of each energy system?

Answer 8

To replenish/resynthesise ATP

Question 9

What factors determine which energy system is predominantly used to replenish ATP during exercise?

Answer 9

1. Intensity
2. Duration
3. Fitness levels

Question 10

What is the primary fuel source (substrate) for the ATP-PC system?

Answer 10

Phosphocreatine (PC).

Question 11

What is the primary fuel source (substrate) for the Lactic Acid System?

Answer 11

Glucose / Muscle Glycogen

Question 12

Which enzyme can detect high levels of ADP?

Answer 12

Creatine Kinase

Question 13

What are the fuel sources (substrates) used during aerobic respiration

Answer 13

1. Glycogen (Carbohydrates)
2. Lipids/FFA (Fats)
3. Amino Acids (Protein)

Question 14

How long does the ATP-PC system last for?

Answer 14

Up to ~12 seconds

Question 15

What intensity is the ATP-PC system predominantly used in?

Answer 15

Very high / maximal (90-100% maximum effort)

Question 16

What duration events is the ATP-PC system predominantly used in?

Answer 16

Very short (up to ~12 seconds)

Question 17

What is PC broken down into?

Answer 17

Phosphate. (P) + Creatine (C) + Energy

Question 18

When PC is broken down, what is the energy used for?

Answer 18

To IMMEDIATELY resynthesise ATP

Question 19

Outline, at least, 3 advantages of the ATP-PC system

Answer 19

1. Immediate Energy Supply (rapid ATP turnover)
2. No Oxygen Required
3. Simple Chemical Reaction: The breakdown of phosphocreatine (PC) is a one-step process
4. Phosphocreatine stores can replenish rapidly during recovery
5. Produces NO fatiguing by-products
6. Supports Maximum Power Output
7. Highly Effective for Short Duration

Question 20

Outline, at least, 3 disadvantages of the ATP-PC system

Answer 20

1. Low energy yield (1 ATP per 1 PC breakdown)
2. PC stores are limited
3. Requires O2 to replenish PC stores (part of alactacid debt - EPOC)
4. Inefficient for Long Duration events

Question 21

Identify 3 sporting events that use the ATP-PC system predominantly?

Answer 21

1. 100 sprint
2. Triple Jump
3. Hammer throw
4. Long jUMP

Question 22

How long does the lactic acid system system last for?

Answer 22

12 seconds - 3 minutes (but peaks at 1 minute)

Question 23

What intensity is the lactic acid system predominantly used in?

Answer 23

High-intensity (80-90% of maximum effort)

Question 24

What duration events is the lactic acid system predominantly used in?

Answer 24

Short-medium (12 seconds - 3 minutes)