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General Y1-Y3 > Y1 Anatomy Buzzwords > Flashcards

Y1 Anatomy Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

placement of stethoscope for the middle lobe of the right lung

A

between ribs 4 and 6 in mid-clavicular and mi-axillary lines

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2
Q

placement of stethoscope for lung bases

A

posteriorly in the scapular line at T11 vertebral level

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3
Q

horizontal fissure of right lung

A

rib 4

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4
Q

oblique fissures

A

rib 6 anteriorly, rising to the level of T3 posteriorly

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5
Q

anterior intercostal arteries

A

branch from internal thoracic artery

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6
Q

posterior intercostal arteries

A

branch from the thoracic aorta

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7
Q

anterior intercostal veins

A

drain into internal thoracic veins

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8
Q

posterior intercostal veins

A

drain into the azygous vein

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9
Q

intercostal neuromuscular bundles

A

from superior to inferior
vein, artery, nerve
VAN

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10
Q

openings in the diaphragm

A

I Ate (8) 10 eggs at 12
inferior vena cava pierces at T8
oesophagus pierces at T10
aorta pierces at T12

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11
Q

what type of muscle is the diaphragm

A

skeletal muscle

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12
Q

what is the phrenic nerve made up of?

A

anterior rami of C3, C4, C5

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13
Q

what nerve supplies the serratus anterior?

A

long thoracic nerve

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14
Q

what 3 blood vessels are either side of the sternum?

A

internal thoracic artery and a pair of veins

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15
Q

what is the most inferior part of the pleural cavity?

A

costodiaphragmatic recess

most inferior part of this is the costophrenic angle

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16
Q

what happens if fluid builds up in the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

blunting of angles and a fluid level being seen on x ray

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17
Q

what is the tongue on the superior lobe of the left lung called?

A

lingula

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18
Q

where is the cephalic vein located?

A

delta-pectoral groove

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19
Q

where does the trachea bifurcate?

A

level of the sternal angle

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20
Q

where do inguinal ligaments attach between?

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle

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21
Q

what is the midpoint of the inguinal ligament?

A

deep ring

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22
Q

direct inguinal hernia

A

a bit of peritoneum is forced through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, and DIRECTLY out of the SUPERFICIAL ring

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23
Q

indirect inguinal hernia

A

a bit of peritoneum is forced through the DEEP, into the inguinal canal, then out of the superficial ring

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24
Q

which is more medial, the vagus or the phrenic nerve?

A

vagus

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25
Q

order of the great vessels from right to left

A

SAP
superior vena cava
aorta
pulmonary artery

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26
Q

where does the tricuspid valve sit?

A

deep to the coronary groove which contains the right coronary artery

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27
Q

what marks the boundary between the 2 ventricles?

A

anterior interventricular groove

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28
Q

what contains the LAD branch?

A

anterior interventricular groove

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29
Q

what is the posterior interventricular artery?

A

a branch of the RCA

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30
Q

where does the posterior interventricular artery sit?

A

in the posterior interventricular groove

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31
Q

where is the LCA found?

A

left atrioventricular groove

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32
Q

what are the 3 openings into the right atrium?

A

SVC IVC and coronary sinus

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33
Q

what is the fossa ovalis?

A

a depression in the right atrium which is a remnant of the foramen ovale

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34
Q

what represents the boundary between the smooth and rough parts of the RA?

A

crista terminalis

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35
Q

how are cusps of heart valves connected to the heart wall?

A

by tendinous cords which are anchored to papillary muscles

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36
Q

what is the transverse thoracic line?

A

the line between the sternal angle and the T4/T5 intervertebral disc

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37
Q

what differentiated between the superior mediastinum and the inferior mediastinum?

A

transverse thoracic plane

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38
Q

how does the vagus nerve pass through the diaphragm?

A

with the oesophagus

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39
Q

where does the azygous vein drain into?

A

the superior vena cava

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40
Q

name the branches of the aorta

A 
ascending = 2 coronary arteries 
arch = brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries 
descending = bilateral posterior intercostal arteries
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41
Q

what is the venous angle?

A

the junction between the subclavian and internal jugular veins

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42
Q

where is the venous angle located?

A

at the sternoclavicular joint

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43
Q

where does the vagus nerve lie in terms of the lung root?

A

posterior

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44
Q

where does the phrenic nerve lie in terms of the lung root?

A

anterior

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45
Q

what does the recurrent laryngeal branch of the left vagus nerve hook under?

A

the ligament arteriosum

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46
Q

nerves of the superior mediastinum from lateral to medial

A

phrenic
vagus
recurrent laryngeal

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47
Q

where does the right laryngeal nerve hook under

A

the right subclavian artery and does not enter the chest

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48
Q

where does the left laryngeal nerve hook under?

A

the arch of the aorta and does enter the chest

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49
Q

where can lymph from the inferior lobe of the left lung drain into

A

the right lymphatic duct

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50
Q

name the structures of the posterior mediastinum from anterior to posterior

A 
brachiocephalic veins + SVC
arch of the aorta 
trachea 
oesophagus 
thoracic duct
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51
Q

what are all of the tongue muscles except the palatoglossus innervated by?

A

CN XII hypoglossal

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52
Q

what is the palatoglossus innervated by?

A

CN X vagus

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53
Q

what are constrictor muscles of the pharynx?

A

external layer of pharyngeal muscles

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54
Q

what are the constrictor muscles of the pharynx innervated by?

A

CN X vagus

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55
Q

what are the inner longitudinal muscles of the pharynx innervated by?

A

CN IX and X

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56
Q

what is the muscle innervated by CN IX in the pharynx?

A

stylopharyngess

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57
Q

what controls the sensory limb of the gag reflex?

A

CN IX

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58
Q

what controls the motor limb of the gag reflex?

A

CN IX and CN X

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59
Q

what is the nerve supply to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

general sensory- CN V3

special sensory- CN VII

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60
Q

nerve supply to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

A

CNIX

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61
Q

what are the muscles of opening and closing the jaw all innervated by?

A

CNV3

the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

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62
Q

muscles of the jaw closing

A

masseter
temporalis
medial pterygoid

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63
Q

muscle of jaw opening

A

lateral pterygoid

64
Q

what bone are the pterygoid plates part of?

A

sphenoid bone

65
Q

what is the parasympathetic innervation of the GIT until the distal end of the transverse colon?

A

vagus nerve

66
Q

what is the parasympathetic innervation of the GIT from the descending colon to the anal canal?

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2,3,4)

67
Q

what kind of organ is the liver in terms of the peritoneum?

A

intraperitoneal

68
Q

in which part of the body do sympathetic nerves synapse directly onto the cells of?

A

the adrenal gland

69
Q

visceral afferent nerve fibres of the foregut

70
Q

visceral afferent nerve fibres of the midgut

71
Q

visceral afferent nerve fibres of the hindgut

72
Q

where does the coeliac trunk branch from the abdominal aorta?

73
Q

where does the splenic artery run?

A

along the superior border of the pancreas

74
Q

role of gall bladder

A

stores and concentrates bile

75
Q

role of spleen

A

breaks down red blood cells to produce bilirubin

76
Q

which ribs protect the spleen?

77
Q

which ribs protect the liver?

78
Q

what supplies blood to the gall bladder?

A

cystic artery

79
Q

which sac are the hepatorenal and subphrenic recesses located within?

A

the greater sac

80
Q

what forms the ampulla of vater

A

bile duct and pancreatic duct

81
Q

what causes jaundice

A

increase in blood levels of bilirubin

82
Q

blood supply to the stomach

A

right and left gastric arteries

right and left gastro-mental arteries

83
Q

blood supply to the pancreas

A

pancreatic branches of splenic artery
gasproduodenal branch of the hepatic artery
pancreaticoduodenal arteries

84
Q

which part of the duodenum are intraperitoneal?

A

first part

85
Q

what are the last 3 parts of the duodenum?

A

retroperitoneal

86
Q

what are the parabolic gutters a part of?

A

the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity

87
Q

at what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliacs?

88
Q

main arterial anastomosis in the large intestine

A

marginal artery of Drummond

89
Q

blood supply to the rectum and anal canal

A

superior rectal artery from IMA

middle and inferior rectal arteries from the internal iliac artery

90
Q

separation of the rectum from the anal canal

A

pectinate line

91
Q

3 important sites of portal systemic anastomoses

A

Distal end of oesophagus. 
Skin around the umbilicus. 
Rectum/anal canal

92
Q

what is the pelvic floor?

A

levator ani muscle

93
Q

where is the rectosigmoid junction?

A

anterior to S3

94
Q

where does the rectum become the anal canal?

A

anterior to the tip of the coccyx

95
Q

3 muscles associated with the levator ani

A

iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis

96
Q

nerve supply to the levator ani

A 
Nerve to levator ani (a branch of the sacral plexus, S3, S4)
Pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)
97
Q

what stimulates contraction of the external anal sphincter?

A

pudendal nerve

98
Q

how does the pudendal nerve exit the pelvis?

A

via the greater sciatic foramen

99
Q

how does the pudendal nerve enter the perineum?

A

through the lesser sciatic foramen

100
Q

nerve supply above pectinate line

101
Q

arterial supply above pectinate line

A

inferior mesenteric

102
Q

venous drainage above pectinate line

A

portal system via IMV

103
Q

lymphatic drainage above pectinate line

104
Q

nerve supply below pectinate line

A

somatic

pudendal

105
Q

arterial supply below pectinate line

A

internal iliac

106
Q

venous drainage below pectinate line

A

systemic system via internal iliac veins

107
Q

lymphatic drainage below pectinate line

A

superficial inguinal nodes

108
Q

what lies on either side of the anal canal?

A

ischioanal fossa

109
Q

extra part of the axis

A

odontoid process

110
Q

first palpable vertebrae

111
Q

where are spinal nerves located

A

below the vertebrae of the same number in the intervertebral foramen

112
Q

nipple level dermatome

113
Q

umbilical level dermatome

114
Q

thumbs dermatome

115
Q

where are the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves

A

cauda equina

116
Q

where is the caudal equine

A

begins at L1/L2

117
Q

types of fibrous joints

A

sutures

fibrous sheets

118
Q

sutures

A

between bones of the skull

119
Q

fibrous sheets

A

in between bones eg radius and ulna

120
Q

types of cartilaginous joints

A

primary

secondary

121
Q

primary cartilaginous joint

A

inside the bone eg epiphyseal growth plate

122
Q

secondary cartilaginous joint

A

intervertebral discs

123
Q

synovial joints

A 
pivot 
ball and socket 
plane 
hinge 
biaxial
124
Q

pivot

125
Q

ball and socket

126
Q

plane

A

acromiocalvicular

127
Q

hinge

128
Q

biaxial

A

hands and feet

129
Q

what contains the vagus nerve in the neck

A

carotid sheath

130
Q

where is the thyroid gland

131
Q

grey matter of the brain

132
Q

white matter of the brain

133
Q

grey matter of the spinal cord

134
Q

white matter of the spinal cord

135
Q

where can diaphragmatic pain be referred to?

A

tip of the shoulder

136
Q

blood supply the the testicles

A

testicular artery

pampniform plexus of veins

137
Q

sympathetic supply to heart and lungs

A

cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

138
Q

bony features of the humerus

A

greater and lesser tubercles at proximal end

lateral and medial epicondyles at the distal end

139
Q

bony features of the femur

A

greater and lesser trochanters at the proximal end

lateral and medial condyles at the distal end (also epicondyles)

140
Q

auscultation of apices of the lung

A

superior to the middle 1/3rd of the clavicle

141
Q

medial half of the breast drains to

A

parasternal lymph nodes

142
Q

lateral half of the breast drains to

A

axillary lymph nodes

143
Q

lymph nodes at the carina

A

tracheobronchial

144
Q

lymph nodes at the hilum

A

hilar (bronchopulmonary)

145
Q

right border of the heart

A

right atrium

146
Q

left border of the heart

A

left ventricle

147
Q

where is the cardiac plexus

A

base of the heart

148
Q

nerve supply to the carotid sinus

A

CN IX glossopharyngeal

149
Q

nerve supply to the aortic sinus

A

CN X vagus

150
Q

TMJs

A

condylar process
mandibular fossa
articular tubercle

151
Q

muscles maintaining faecal continence

A

levator ani

152
Q

ligament of the liver from the liver to the diaphragm

A

coronary ligaments

153
Q

ligament of the liver to anterior abdominal wall

A

falciform ligament

154
Q

constrictions of the oesophagus

A

cricopharyngeus muscles
thoracic constriction
diaphragmatic

155
Q

ccricopharyngeus constriction

156
Q

thoracic constriction

A

arch of the aorta

General Y1-Y3 (2 decks)

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