XXII - The Skin Flashcards
This term is the accumulation of edema fluid within the epidermis. Characterizes all forms of eczamatous dermatitis. SEE SLIDE 22.1
Spongiosis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 839
An uncommon, usually self-limited disorder that seems to be a hypersensitivity response to certain infections and drugs. Patients present with an array of “multiform” lesions, including macules, papules, vesicles, and bullae, as well as the characteristic targetoid lesion consisting of a red macule or papule with a pale vesicular or eroded center. SEE SLIDE 22.2.
Erythema Multiforme (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 840
Marked epidermal thickening. SEE SLIDE 22.3.
Acanthosis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th Ed., p854.
The most typical lesion is a well-demarcated, pink to salmon-colored plaque covered by loosely adherent silver-white scale. SEE SLIDE 22.4.
Psoriasis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 854
In this skin disorder, there is acanthosis and loss of the stratum granulosum with extensive overlying parakeratotic scale. There is also a regular downward elongation of rete ridges (test tubes in a rack appearance). SEE SLIDE 22.5.
Psoriasis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 855
This sign is described as bleeding upon removal of scales from the lesions of psoriasis.
Auspitz sign(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 841
Small aggregates of neutrophils within the parakeratotic stratum corneum in psoriasis.
Munro microabscesses. SEE SLIDE 22.5. (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 841
Small aggregates of neutrophils within the spongiotic superficial epidermis in psoriasis.
Pustules of Kogoj. SEE SLIDE 22.5. (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 841
Layer of the skin which is affected in psoriasis.
S. granulosum(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 841
“Pruritic, purple, polygonal, planar papules, and plaques” describes this disorder of the skin and mucosa. Also noted grossly are Wickham striae, which are white lacelike markings over the papules. SEE SLIDE 22.6.
Lichen Planus (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 855
The pattern of inflammation of this disorder is characterized by angulated, zigzag contour (“sawtoothing”) of the dermoepidermal junction. SEE SLIDE 22.7.
Lichen Planus (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 855
Anucleate, necrotic basal cells seen in the inflamed papillary dermis of patients with lichen planus.
Colloid bodies or Civatte bodies(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 841
Characterized to have acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, with signs of chronicity such as fibrosis of the papillary dermis and chronic dermal inflammatory infiltrate. SEE SLIDE 22.8.
Lichen Simplex Chronicus (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 856
Presents as roughening of the skin that takes on an appearance reminiscent of “lichen on a tree”. It is a response to local repetitive trauma such as continual rubbing or scratching. Lesions are similar to the normal appearance of palms and soles (naturally thick). SEE SLIDE 22.8.
Lichen Simplex Chronicus (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. P.856
Cytoplasmic vacuolization
Koilocytosis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p.857
Histologic features include epidermal hyperplasia that is often undulant (papillomatous) in character, with associated koilocytosis. Nuclear pallor and prominent keratohyalin granules can also be seen. SEE SLIDE 22.9.
Verrucae (warts)(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 858
The most common type of wart. Occurs anywhere but are found most frequently on the hands, particularly on the dorsal surfaces and periungual areas, where they appear as gray-white to tan, flat to convex, 0.1- to 1-cm papules with a rough, pebble-like surface. SEE SLIDE 22.9.
Verruca vulgaris(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 844
These warts are common on the face or dorsal surfaces of the hands. These warts are flat, smooth, tan macules.
Verruca plana/flat wart(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 844
These warts occur on the soles and palms. Described as rough, scaly lesions that may reach 1 to 2 cm in diameter, coalesce, and be confused with ordinary calluses.
Verruca plantaris and verruca palmaris(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 844
These warts occurs on the penis, female genitalia, urethra, and perianal areas.
Condyloma acuminatum (venereal wart) (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 844
A rare autoimmune blistering disorder resulting from loss of integrity of normal intercellular attachments within the epidermis and mucosal epithelium. Caused by a type II hypersensitivity reaction .
Pemphigus (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 845
Common histologic denominator in all forms of pemphigus, described as the lysis of the intercellular adhesion sites.
Acantholysis. SEE SLIDE 22.10. (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 845
In this variant of pemphigus, acantholysis selectively involves the layer of cells immediately above the basal cell layer, giving rise to a suprabasal acantholytic blister. SEE SLIDE 22.11.
Pemphigus vulgaris(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 845
There is uniform deposition of immunoglobulin and complement along the cell membranes of keratinocytes, producing a characteristic “fishnet” appearance. SEE SLIDE 22.11.
Pemphigus vulgaris(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 845
Grossly, the lesions appear to be superficial and FLACCID vesicles and bullae that rupture easily.
Pemphigus vulgaris(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 859
In this variant of pemphigus, acantholysis selectively involves the superficial epidermis at the level of the stratum granulosum. It often involves only the skin and not the mucus membranes.
Pemphigus foliaceus(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 845
Characterized by a subepidermal, nonacantholytic full-thickness epidermal blister. The lesions appear to be TENSE and fluid-filled. Intercellular junctions are intact on the blister roof. SEE SLIDE 22.12.
Bullous pemphigoid (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 860
An autoimmune disease in which the characteristic finding is linear deposition of IgG antibodies and complement in the basement membrane zone. SEE SLIDE 22.12.
Bullous pemphigoid (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 846
Associated with celiac disease. Lesions are often bilateral, symmetric and preferentially involve extensor surfaces, buttocks, elbows, and knees. SEE SLIDE 22.13.
Dermatitis herpetiformis (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p 861
Fibrin and neutrophils accumulate selectively at the tips of dermal papillae, forming small microabscesses, which coalesce to form a subepidermal blister. On immunofluorescence, granular deposits of IgA are localized at the tips of dermal papillae. SEE SLIDE 22.13.
Dermatitis herpetiformis (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 846