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3MED - Robbins > XX - The Endocrine System - DIABETES > Flashcards

XX - The Endocrine System - DIABETES Flashcards

1
Q

A condition characterized by excessive urination (polyuria) caused by an inability of the kidney to properly resorb water from the urine.

A

Diabetes insipidus(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 757

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2
Q

Enzyme deficient in central Diabetes insipidus.

A

Anti-diuretic hormone(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 757

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3
Q

An autoimmune disease characterized by progressive destruction of islet beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency.

A

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 781

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4
Q

Caused by a combination of peripheral resistance to insulin action and an inadequate compensatory response of insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cells.

A

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 781

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5
Q

Vascular lesion associated with hypertension, which is more prevalent in diabetics.

A

Hyaline arteriolosclerosis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 781

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6
Q

A diffuse increase in mesangial matrix along with mesangial cell proliferation and is always associated with basement membrane thickening of the glomerulus. Seen in patients with diabetes mellitus.

A

Diffuse mesangial sclerosis (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 783

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7
Q

A glomerular lesion made distinctive by ball-like deposits of a laminated matrix situated in the periphery of the glomerulus .

A

Nodular glomerulosclerosis (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 783

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8
Q

The ball-like deposit seen in nodular glomerulosclerosis.

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 783

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9
Q

A special pattern of acute pyelonephritis seen more often in diabetics.

A

Necrotizing papillitis (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 784

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10
Q

Most common pancreatic endocrine neoplasms.

A

beta-cell tumors (insulinomas) (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 788

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11
Q

These benign tumors look remarkably like giant islets, with preservation of the regular cords of monotonous cells and their orientation to the vasculature.

A

Insulinomas (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 788

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12
Q

What syndrome is described by the association of pancreatic islet cell lesions with hypersecretion of gastric acid and severe peptic ulceration?

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 788

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13
Q

Tumors associated with increased serum glucagon and a syndrome consisting of mild diabetes mellitus, a characteristic skin rash (necrolytic migratory erythema), and anemia.

A

alpha-Cell tumors (glucagonomas) (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 789

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14
Q

Most common cause of Cushing syndrome.

A

Administration of exogenous glucocorticoids(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 789

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15
Q

Components of MEN1?

A

Parathyroid: Primary hyperparathyroidismPancreas: ZES, insulinoma, etc.Pituitary: prolactin-secreting macroadenoma, somatotrophin-secreting tumors(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 798

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16
Q

Components of MEN2A?

A

Thyroid: Medullary carcinoma
Adrenal medulla: pheochromocytomas
Parathyroid: parathyroid gland hyperplasia (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 799

17
Q

Components of MEN2B?

A

Thyroid: Medullary carcinoma
Adrenal medulla: pheochromocytoma
Extraendocrine manifestations: ganglioneuromas of mucosal sites (gastrointestinal tract, lips, tongue) and marfanoid habitus (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 799

18
Q

Syndrome of mild DM, characteristic rash (necrolytic migratory erythema), and anemia is seen in what tumor?

A

Glucagonomas or alpha cell tumors (TOPNOTCH)

19
Q

Syndrome of DM, cholelithiasis, steatorrhea, and hypochlorhydria is seen in what tumor?

A

Somatostatinoma or delta cell tumor (TOPNOTCH)

20
Q

Approximately 60%-80% of patients with DM will develop some form of diabetic retinopathy after how many years from the time of diagnosis?

A

15-20 years (TOPNOTCH)

21
Q

The fundamental lesion of DM retinopathy

A

neovascularization (TOPNOTCH)

22
Q

What special pattern of acute pyelonephritis is common in diabetics compared to non diabetics?

A

Necrotizing papillitis or papillary necrosis (TOPNOTCH)

23
Q

These are PAS positive glomerular lesions made distinctive by ball like deposits of laminated matrix situated in the periphery of the glomerulus

A

Nodular glomerulosclerosis or Kimmelstiel Wilson lesion (TOPNOTCH)

24
Q

What are the three most important glomerular lesions seen in DM?

A

Basement membrane thickening,
diffuse mesangial sclerosis, and
nodular glomerulosclerosis (TOPNOTCH)

25
Q

What is the hallmark of diabetic macrovascular disease?

A

Accelerated atherosclerosis (TOPNOTCH)

26
Q

What is the most common cause of death in diabetics?

A

Myocardial Infarction (TOPNOTCH)

27
Q

What morphological change seen in pancreas is more commonly associated with DM Type 2 than DM Type 1?

A

Amyloid replacement of islets (TOPNOTCH)

28
Q

Pathogenesis: Dysfunction in T cell selection and regulation leading to breakdown in self-tolerance to islet autoantigens

A

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1108

29
Q

Pathogenesis: Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and failure of compensation by beta cells

A

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1108

30
Q

Characterized by inflammatory infiltrate of T cells and macrophages, beta cell depletion and islet atrophy

A

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1108

31
Q

Characterized by amyloid deposition in islets and mild beta cell depletion. No insulitis.

A

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1108

32
Q

Most potent anabolic hormone with multiple synthetic and growth-promoting effects.

A

Insulin (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1109

33
Q

The most important environmenta risk factor for type 2 diabetes

A

Obesity(TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1111

34
Q

The most common precipitating factor in DKA

A

Failure to take insulin(TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1114

35
Q

Which of the following renal histologic findings is most characteristic of diabetes? (A) focal mild pyelonephritis (B) diffuse mesangial sclerosis (C) arteriosclerosis of efferent arterioles of the glomerulus (D) crescentic glomerulonephritis

A

arteriosclerosis of the efferent arterioles of the glomerulus (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., pp783-784

36
Q

Of the pancreatic endocrine neoplasms or islet cell tumors, which is most commonly benign? (A) insulinomas (B) gastrinomas (C) VIPomas (D) nonfunctioning islet cell tumors

A

Insulinomas (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p. 788

3MED - Robbins (36 decks)

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