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Xray > Xray - Final Exam Questions > Flashcards

Xray - Final Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

____ periapical images can be used to examine the edentulous arches.

A

Fourteen

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2
Q

A size ____ receptor is typically used for edentulous examination.

A

Size 2

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3
Q

For periapical examination in an edentulous patient, the receptor should be positioned so that approximately ____ of it extends beyond the edentulous ridge.

A

One third

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4
Q

Your patient is edentulous and has very little alveolar ridge remaining. Which teqnique would you use for a periapical examination on your patient?

A

Bisecting

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5
Q

The mixed occlusal and periapical examination on an edentulous patient consists of _____ size 4 receptors and ____ size 2 receptors

A

two size 4 receptors; four size 2 receptors

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6
Q

The overall degree of blackness or image darkening of a radiographic image is..

A

density

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7
Q

is a metal or or plastic, light-tight container that holds a film for extra oral imaging

A

cassette

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8
Q

____ is the safety principle that states that radiation exposure should be as low as acheivable

A

ALARA

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9
Q

___ is the centre of the xray beam exiting the PID

A

Central Ray

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10
Q

the definition of interpret is to…

A

offer an explanation

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11
Q

interpretation enables the dental pro to play a vital role in the detection of ____ of the teeth and jaws

A

lesions, diseases and caries

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12
Q

post and core restorations can be seen in ____ treated teeth.

A

Endodontically

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13
Q

Radiographs permit the evaluation of ____ in the detection of periodontal disease

A

Bone

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14
Q

A bitewing radiograph is most useful for detection of _____ caries

A

interproximal

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15
Q

in the dental setting, interpretation referes to an explanation of what is viewed on a radiograph - true or false?

A

True

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16
Q

According to the text, ideally, dental radiographs should be reviewed and interpreted immediately after moutning

A

in the presence of the patient

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17
Q

Amalgam overhangs can be described as extensions of amalgam seen on dental radiographs beyond the crown portion on the

A

interproximal

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18
Q

calculus ______ on a dental radiograph

A

appears radiopaque

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19
Q

a carious lesion appears ____ on a dental radiograph

A

radiolucent

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20
Q

to interpret films, the dental radiographer must be confident in the identifcation and recognition of…

A

normal anatomy…. (finish)

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21
Q

How can you tell if its amalgam?

A

really bright white with irregular borders

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22
Q

difference between fixer spots/splash vs. developer spots/splash

A

fixer washes away any undeveloped areas - spots will look white

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23
Q

Reticulation is caused by…

A

a sudden change in temperature

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24
Q

Xrays are…

A

wavelengths of energy

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25
Q

are dental xrays bad for you?

A

not with the exposure that is required
no, they are essential for a complete check up
we used to think that they were, but not anymore

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26
Q

where are the dental xrays produced?

A

Tube head

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27
Q

Should dental xrays be taken during pregnancy?

A

Only if it’s an emergency

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28
Q

xrays were discovered in the year…

A

1895

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29
Q

xrays that bounce off of bones and teeth

A

scatter

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30
Q

If the patient has no clinical signs of disease and no history of dental disease.. you should still take xrays - true or false?

A

False

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31
Q

An advantage of digital xrays is that they..

A

require less radiation

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32
Q

Xrays are apart of what benefit?

A

diagnostic tesing

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33
Q

Conventional xrays are developed with clean hands - true or false?

A

True

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34
Q

An image that is distorted in the vertical plane and makes a long image

A

elongation

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35
Q

Device used for personnel monitoring to measure radiation

A

dossimeter

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36
Q

regulates the high volltage electrical circuit by adjhusting the electrodes. (effects contrast)

A

kVP

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37
Q

Is the difference in densities between various arieas on an xray image

A

contrast

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38
Q

receives readiation directly like film and deposits the image on it

A

direct digital

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39
Q

is a dense area that radiation is hard to penetrate resulting in a lighter image

A

radiopaque

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40
Q

xrays that have been diverted and scattered back

A

scatter radiation

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41
Q

what measure of image brightness or intesity in a range

A

grey scale

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42
Q

as a DA, you are exposed to what type of radiation?

A

occupational exposure

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43
Q

the less dense areas are easily penetrated on an xray appear?

A

radiolucent

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44
Q

what regulates the low voltage supply, influences the quantity of xray image and density

A

MA

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45
Q

what image is produced prior to processing?

A

latent image

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46
Q

What receptor receives the xray and stores the enegery until released via the scanning process?

A

indirect digital

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47
Q

what is the silver bromide crystal solution that coats the film, and produces an image?

A

emulsion

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48
Q

the ____ the distances between two wavelengths the greater the energy and penetration

A

shorter

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49
Q

the ____ the distances between two wavelengths the lower the energy and penetration

A

longer

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50
Q

all atoms have a ____ or central core composed of protons

A

nucleous

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51
Q

an ___ is defined as a charged particle, with either a + or - charge

A

ion

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52
Q

density is the degree of ___ of an image

A

darkness

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53
Q

what scale is used to describe the contrast of dental images

A

grey

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54
Q

what is embeded in the copper anode and serves as a positive terminal during xray production

A

tungsten target

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55
Q

the vaccum xray tube is surrounded by…

A

oil

56
Q

the transformer is the electrical device used to raise or lower electrical

A

voltage

57
Q

what xrays are first produced by the unit, and are emitted from the tungsten target

A

primary

58
Q

what radiation is not useful when taking xrays?

A

secondary

59
Q

cells consit of only the egg and sperm cells and are involved only in the reproductiion system

A

genetic

60
Q

what is a primary responsibilty of a DA when taking radiographs

A

plan dental radiographs and decrease need for retakes

61
Q

what limits the size of the primary beam?

A

collimation

62
Q

a lead thyroid collar can be used for which of the following exposures?

A

BW, Occlusal, PAs

63
Q

What is the maximum radiation exposure for radiographers per year ____ rems or 50 msv

A

5

64
Q

if using conventional film, they should be transported to the developer in a _____ container

A

disposable

65
Q

exposure time should be ____ approximately one-quarter for children due to bone density

A

reduced

66
Q

a size __ film or receptor is sometimes called the universal size

A

2

67
Q

images may be used to demonstrate presence of interproximal caries

A

bitewings

68
Q

this image may be used for a part of the survey following trauma to the jaw..

A

panoramic

69
Q

when using the ____ the image receptor and the tooth are not parallel to eachother

A

bisecting

70
Q

when using _____ the image receptor and the tooth are positoned as parallel as possible

A

paralleling technique

71
Q

refers to moving the tube had so that the PID points up or down

A

vertical angulation

72
Q

the position of the PID should be _____ to the receptor

A

horizontal

73
Q

an object that tends to absorb most xrays used

A

radiolucent

74
Q

an object or tissue that allwos most xrays to pass through it will be?

A

radiolucent

75
Q

what can permit an overall lower exposure time?

A

intensifying screen / or film speed

76
Q

this processing technique is accomplished by using specific temperature and time control techniques

A

manual

77
Q

themometers containing _____ should never be used in the processing tanks

A

mercury

78
Q

safelights should be how far from the counter in a dark room…

A

4 feet

79
Q

an advantage of ___ imagingn is less radiation to the patient

A

digital

80
Q

which of the following does not apply to dental images

A

help to determine the patients gender

81
Q

Reggie says that he read in a popular magazine that dentists take “too many x-rays,” and when he questions if dental images are even necessary, you tell him that:

A

they are a necessary component of comprehensive patient care. Images enable the dental professional to identify many conditions that may otherwise go undetected; they allow the practitioner to see many conditions that are not apparent clinically. The dental professional gains a great deal of information about the teeth and supporting bone with the use of dental images.

82
Q

Reggie says that he knows dental images can be used to locate cavities, but he wants to know if any other things may be found. You tell him that _________ also may be detected on dental images.

A

peridontal disease, cysts and tumors

Some of the more common diseases, lesions, and conditions found on dental images include missing teeth, extra teeth, impacted teeth, dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth abnormalities, retained roots, and cysts and tumors.

83
Q

Reggie comments that 18 images seems like a lot and wonders what you plan on doing for him to ensure minimal exposure to radiation. You tell him that patient protection techniques during exposure include:

A

the use of a thyroid collar, lead apron, fast film, and beam alignment devices.

During exposure, a thyroid collar, lead apron, fast film, and beam alignment devices can be used to protect the patient from excess exposure to radiation. In addition, proper selection of exposure factors and good technique also can help protect the patient.

84
Q

Reggie asks why you leave the room when exposing the image, and you tell him that the dental radiographer:

A

must always avoid the primary beam.

To avoid occupational exposure to x-radiation, the dental radiographer must always avoid the primary beam and maintain an adequate distance, proper position, and proper shielding from x-rays during exposure.

85
Q

You tell Reggie that your goal is to work _______ when positioning and exposing dental x-ray image receptors.

A

carefully but quickly

86
Q

Reggie asks if you are studying to be a dentist and wonders what you have to know in order to take his dental films. You inform him that, no, you are not studying to be a dentist, and as a radiographer you have to have knowledge in many areas: radiation history, radiation physics, radiation characteristics, radiation biology, and __________.

A

radiation protection

87
Q

Reggie is intrigued by your role in patient care and wonders what duties and responsibilities are assigned to you. You tell him you are responsible for

A

taking dental images.

mounting the dental images.

educating patients about dental radiography.

You are not responsible for identifying dental disease on dental images.

88
Q

The primary concern in radiation exposure is for

A

The patient, operator and staff are all of primary concern when it comes to radiation safety

89
Q

Reggie asks, “Cost considerations have to be one of the primary goals as a dental radiographer, right?” You respond

A

“My concerns include the production of a quality image, protection from unnecessary radiation, but not cost.”

90
Q

Monica asks you what to say if a patient complains that the film or sensor is cutting the mouth, and you tell her:

A

to be honest and inform the patient of the potential discomfort.

Honesty is an important part of a professional attitude. Some procedures are uncomfortable in dental radiography, and the dental auxiliary must be honest and inform the patient of the potential discomfort.

91
Q

Mr. Nassar says that he is potentially receptive to having a complete series of images taken but would like to ask several questions first. As an auxiliary, you can answer many questions, but tell him that questions about the __________ must be answered by the dentist.

A

diagnosis

92
Q

Mr. Nassar laughs and says, “If the x-rays aren’t dangerous, then why do you leave the room when x-rays are used?” You smile and tell him that:

A

the effect of radiation exposure is cumulative and following appropriate protection for both us is following good radiation safety.

93
Q

He then turns serious and tells you that his mother died last year of cancer, and that she had “a lot of x-rays.” Mr. Nassar asks, “How many patients have gotten cancer from dental x-rays”? You tell him:

A

0 = Not a single case of a patient’s developing cancer from diagnostic x-ray imaging has been recorded. The radiation exposure that occurs during a dental x-ray examination is very small, and the chance that it will contribute to or cause cancer is extremely low. When cancer occurs, it is much more likely to be unrelated to radiation exposure.

94
Q

As part of the education process with Mr. Nassar, you would show him

A

dental images of normal and abnormal conditions

a prepared presentation

images of his own mouth

95
Q

Mr. Nassar inquires, “What x-rays will I have to have when I come back for my six-month checkup?” You tell him:

A

“We will make that determination when we see you at that time. There is not set rule.”

The frequency of your dental imaging examination is based on your individual needs. No set interval exists between x-ray examinations.

96
Q

As part of the education plan for Mr. Nassar, you mention digital imaging as an option, particularly for his mother because digital imaging reduces radiation by ____%

A

50-90%

97
Q

Mr. Nassar, fully consenting to a complete series of dental images, and more able to make an informed decision about oral care choices, asks one final question: “These x-rays are mine, right? Can I take them with me if I move and have to change dentists?”

A

You have reasonable access to your records, but they are the property of the dentist.

98
Q

Tamara inquires, “How does the office knows that the equipment is functioning properly?” You tell her that:

A

most states have laws that require inspection of dental x-ray equipment on a regular basis.

99
Q

Tamara then says, “What do you do if the patient wants to take the images to the new dentist after moving to another area or state?” You respond that:

A

the original images should not be forwarded; duplicate images can be made and forwarded or digital images may be electronically sent to the patient’s new dentist.

100
Q

After explaining the benefits and risks associated with dental radiographs, Tamara understands the need and agrees to have them taken. She has given you her

A

informed consent

101
Q

Tamara asks who is legally accountable when a dental auxiliary takes radiographs. You answer that the legal accountability lies with

A

the assistant & the dentist

102
Q

After taking and developing Tamara’s dental images, you note several areas cone-cut and that the series appears to be lacking in density. To take them over would require much discussion; however, you are concerned if you do not do retakes, she could sue the practice for:

A

negligence

103
Q

Tamara wants to know what you are recording in her treatment record about today’s visit. You tell her you will document

A

her consent

the number and type of images exposed, including retakes

the rationale for the imaging

the imaging report

104
Q

You tell Tomas that he should ____________ only after he has put on his gloves.

A

prepare the beam alignment devices

105
Q

Tomas proceeds to do an excellent job of film placement and exposure of dental images for Emily. After the last image is obtained, Tomas has a moment of hesitation because he isn’t certain if there are any tasks he should complete after removal of his gloves. You tell him that after removing his gloves, he should:

A

remove the lead apron from the patient

106
Q

Next, Tomas proceeds to the darkroom, where there is an automatic film processor with a daylight loader. Indicate the proper sequence for placing film without barrier envelopes into the film feed slot area of the processor by arranging the following steps in the correct order:

A
  1. Place paper cup and vinyl or nonpowdered gloves in daylight loader compartment and place the container with contaminated films next to the cup.
  2. Close the daylight loader and push hands through openings.
  3. Put on gloves.
  4. Take one contaminated film out of the container and open the film packet.
107
Q

a concerned dental assistant approaches you and tells you that the bite-wing and periapical radiographs are coming out of the tabletop processor with a black area about one-quarter inch wide along the length of one of the long edges of the film.

You tell the assistant that this probably represents a processing error, and that if she checks the processor, she is likely to find that the:

A

level of the fixer is too low.

108
Q

If the level of the fixer is too low, the solution to the problem is…

A

Check the level of fixer before processing and add solution if necessary.

109
Q

In checking completely processed radiographs against the reference radiograph, the density appears light. The error is likely due to..

A

cold developer & weak developer

110
Q

In checking completely processed radiographs against the reference radiograph, the density appears dark. The error is likely due to:

A

developer too warm

111
Q

You instruct the staff that to check the fixer solution, a film should clear in ____ minutes without agitation.

A

When the fixer solution loses strength, the film takes a longer time to clear or becomes transparent in the unexposed areas. When the fixer is at full strength, a film should clear within 2 minutes, without agitation.

112
Q

Dr. Eastman tells you that the specialist with whom you will work is an excellent practitioner but will be expected to adhere to the criteria for periapical images. This means the images will need ______ the root apices.

A

to show 2 to 3 mm beyond

113
Q

You tell Dr. Eastman that you are well versed and ready to go to work. You know that a diagnostic periapical image:

A

shows the entire crowns and roots of the teeth being examined.

114
Q

Dr. Eastman indicates a special need on one of the patients to examine the palatal area on an edentulous patient. The film you select for this procedure is:

A

an occlusal

115
Q

To create an image without distortion, the ___________ must be parallel to the long axis of the tooth.

A

image receptor

116
Q

When the paralleling technique is used, the receptor is placed away from the tooth, with the following result:

A

Image magnification increases.

117
Q

To ensure that only the most parallel rays will be directed at the tooth and receptor, a __-inch target-receptor distance must be used with the paralleling technique.

A

16 inch

A long (16-inch) target-receptor distance must be used with the paralleling technique. The paralleling technique is sometimes referred to as the long-cone technique; long refers to the length of the cone, or position-indicating device (PID), that is used.

118
Q

A total of _____ anterior placements may be used in the paralleling technique when a size 1 receptor is used.

A

7

With a size 1 receptor, a total of seven anterior placements are seen: four maxillary exposures and three mandibular exposures.

119
Q

The identification dot should be oriented at the ________ end of the film.

A

incisal

120
Q

You ask a student to hand you a Rinn XCP Extension Cone Paralleling system bite block for the anterior region. The color bite block and arm ring that is selected and handed to you should be

A

blue

121
Q

Anterior receptors for the parallel technique are size

A

In the anterior regions, size 1 receptor is used; this narrow size is needed to permit placement high in the palate without bending or curving. Size 1 is always positioned with the long portion of the receptor in a vertical (upright) direction. Some practitioners prefer to use a size 2 receptor instead.

122
Q

Ms. Javadi observes you as you begin to take a complete series of images with periapical receptors using the paralleling technique. You start in the maxillary anterior. She asks if you have to start in that area. You tell her:

A

“Starting in the anterior is not as likely to stimulate a gag reflex”

123
Q

You ask Ms. Javadi to provide the correct number of receptors for a maxillary anterior series using the paralleling technique, You are handed 7 number 2 receptors. Is this correct?

A

b. No. An anterior series with number 2 receptors requires only 6 placements.

With the size 1 receptor, a total of 7 anterior placements may be used in the paralleling technique: 4 maxillary exposures and 3 mandibular exposures. If size 2 receptor is used instead, 6 anterior placements are used: 3 maxillary exposures and 3 mandibular exposures.

124
Q

The patient Ms. Javadi is working on has a low palatal vault, but she tells you that as long as the lack of parallel placement does not exceed 20 degrees, I think the film will be acceptable.” You respond:

A

You are correct!

125
Q

Nasir Javadi’s next patient has both maxillary and mandibular tori. She wants to confirm with you the correct placement. In the maxilla, the receptor should be on the _______________of the tori, and on the mandibular, the film placement should be ________________.

A

farside; between the tongue and the tori

126
Q

Order for processing traditional film..

A

-Developing
-Rinsing
-Fixing
-Washing
-Drying

127
Q

Radiology is..

A

the science or study of radiation as used in medicine

128
Q

Frequency is..

A

the number of repititions in a given period of time

129
Q

Roentgenograph is..

A

an image produced on photosensitive film

130
Q

X-Radiation is..

A

a beam of energy that the power to penetrate substances & record shadow images on receptors (photographic film or digital sensors)

131
Q

The Anode is..

A

positive electrode in the xray beam

132
Q

Primary Radiation is..

A

xrays that come from the target of the xray tube

133
Q

The Cathode is..

A

Negative electrode in Xray tube

134
Q

Central Ray is..

A

xray at center of beam

135
Q

Milliamperrage (Mv) is..

A

a unit of measurement used to describe the intensity of an electrical current

136
Q

A Full mouth series consists of…

A

8 horizontal PAs (size 2), 7 vertical PAs (size 1), and 4 BW (size 2)

Xray (21 decks)

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