XI: Hydrogen Flashcards
During electrolysis of water, on which electrode is hydrogen liberated?
Cathode
CuO + H2———>
Cu + H2O
In what form do alkali metals exist in their aqueous solution?
Hexahydrated ions
WHat is the atomicity of hydrogen?
2
During electrolysis of sodium hydride, on which electrode is hydrogen liberated?
Anode
Which element is known as rogue element?
Hydrogen
Is the rate of protium containing compounds faster than the rate of deuterium containing compounds
Yes
WHich has higher melting point- dihydrogen, deuterium?
Deuterium
WHich has higher boiling point- dihydrogen, deuterium?
Deuterium
Which has higher enthalpy of fusion- dihydrogen or deuterium?
Deuterium
Which has higher bond enthalpy- dihydrogen or deuterium?
Deuterium
What is the isotopic mixture of proton and deutron with respect to their natural abundance called
Hydron
Why is amalgam of reactive metals used to produce hydrogen from water in place of the metal itself?
Reaction of pure reactive metals is very vigorous, amalgam of such metals is used to slow down the reaction
Lane’s process is used for the manufacturing of
Dihydrogen
How is dihydrogen produced by lane’s process?
By reaction of water with iron
How is carbon dioxide separated from hydrogen in syngas in Bosch’s process?
CO2 can be dissolved in water and hydrogen can escape, or CO2 can be removed by scrubbing the mixture with sodium arsenite. (Water gas shift reaction)
What is the order of reactivity of hydrogen with halogen?
F2 > Cl2 > Br2 >I2
What is the difference between ortho and para hydrogen?
Ortho hydrogen- if spins of the 2 nucleus of hydrogen are in same direction
Para hydrogen- if spins of the 2 nucleus of hydrogen are in opposite direction
Which type of isomer (ortho or para) does ordinary hydrogen contain in greater quantities?
Ortho
At low temperature, which type of isomer (ortho or para) does hydrogen contain in greater quantities?
Para
Can pure ortho form of hydrogen be obtained?
No
Can pure para form of hydrogen be obtained?
Yes, at low temperatures
What are hydrides?
Binary compounds of hydrogen with other elements
What are saline hydrides?
Ionic hydrides (with alkali metals and alkaline earth metals)
Do saline hydrides have higher density than the metals they are formed from?
Yes
SiCl4 + NaH ————–>
SiH4 + NaCl
PbSO4 + CaH2 ——————>
PbS + Ca(OH)2
What is known as hydride gap?
The inability of group 7, 8 and 9 to form hydrides.
Is CrH an interstitial hydride?
Yes
Polymeric hydrides are formed by elements having electronegativity range between
1.4 to 2.0
What crystalline structure does ice have at low temperature?
Cubic form
Water decomposes easily, true/false?
False.
How is water present in BaCl2.2H2O?
Water is present in voids of crystal lattice
How do physical properties of heavy water differ from ordinary wateR?
All physical properties of heavy water are higher than ordinary water.
Ca3P2 + D2O ——->
Ca(OD)2 + PD3
NaOH + D2O ——–>
NaOD + HDO
What is carbonate hardness of water?
It is due to the presence of soluble bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium. It is also known as temporary hardness.
How can temporary hardness of water be removed?
By boiling
What causes permanent hardness of water?
Presence of chlorides and sulphates calcium and magnesium
By boiling, bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium present in the water decompose into
Insoluble carbonates
M(HCO3)2 on heating gives
MCO3 + H2O + CO2
Clark’s method is used to soften
Temporary hardness of water
Which compound is used to soften hard water using Clark’s process?
Calcium hydroxide
What compound is known as calgon?
Sodium polymetaphosphate [(NaPO3)n]
The complexes of calcium and magnesium formed by addition of calgon in hard water dissolve in water, however they do not hinder the formation of lather. Why?
THis is because the calcium and magnesium ions are not free to react with soap but are tied up in stable complexes.
What is sequestration of calcium?
The process of binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of the system.
What is Permutit exchange method of softening of water?
Addition of complex inorganic salts which exchange calcium and magnesium ions in hard water for sodium ions.
Give the example of a permutit?
Hydrated sodium aluminium silicate
Which cation do organic ion exchanger exchange with calcium or magnesium of hard water?
Hydrogen ion
Which anion do organic ion exchanger exchange with calcium or magnesium of hard water?
OH- or NH2-
Na2O2 + H2SO4 ——–>
Na2SO4 + H2O2
BaO2.8H2O + H2SO4————–>
H2O2 + H2O + BaSO4
What is formed by the electrolysis of 50% H2SO4 at anode? What does the distillation of this compound with water under reduced pressure give?
Peroxydisulfuric acid H2S2O8 Is formed at anode. On distillation with water it gives hydrogen peroxide.
2-Ethylanthraquinol when dissolved in a mixture of benzene and cyclohexanol and bubbled with air gives
Hydrogen peroxide
Why is a small amount of glycerol added to hydrogen peroxide?
To stabilise it
What is the dihedral angle of hydrogen peroxide in vapour phase vs in solid phase?
Vapour phase- 115 degree
Solid phase- 90.2 degree
Is hydrogen peroxide acidic or basic?
Acidic
Hydrogen peroxide can oxidize benzene to
Phenol
Hydrogen peroxide oxidizes iodide to IO3-
True/false?
False. Hydrogen peroxide oxidizes iodide to iodine.
Hydrogen peroxide reduces potassium dichromate to
CrO5 which decomposes in acidic medium to form Cr3+
NaOBr + H2O2 —————>
NaBr + H2O + O2
CaOCl2 + H2O2 ———>
CaCl2 + H2O + O2
Which compound on treatment with acidified solution of Titanium salt gives orange colour ? What compound is formed?
Hydrogen peroxide
H2TiO4
What does 10 volume hydrogen peroxide imply?
One litre of H2O2 will produce 10 L of oxygen